概述了典型低温热扩渗技术种类与特点，归纳了低温热扩渗技术研究的材料体系以及合金元素对不锈钢表面低温热扩渗层的形成及稳定性的影响。重点综述了奥氏体不锈钢表面低温热扩渗层制备技术和“膨胀”γ相层稳定性研究的发展现状和取得的成果，包括奥氏体不锈钢表面低温渗氮技术制备的含氮“膨胀”γ相层，低温渗碳技术制备的含碳“膨胀”γ相层，以及低温氮碳共渗和低温渗氮+低温渗碳或低温渗碳+低温渗氮复合技术制备的含氮、碳“膨胀”γ相层等低温热扩渗层的稳定性及其合金元素影响的研究现状，包括气体法、液体法、等离子体法和等离子体湮没注入法等。同时归纳了Co-Cr合金、高熵合金、马氏体不锈钢和铁素体不锈钢等材料表面低温热扩渗层的制备及“膨胀”α相层热稳定性的研究现状。基于不锈钢表面低温热扩渗层制备和热稳定性研究现状的分析，展望了未来不锈钢表面低温热扩渗领域，特别是低温热扩渗层稳定性的研究发展方向。

The types and characteristics of typical low temperature thermal diffusive technologies were overviewed. The material system of low temperature thermal diffusion technology and the effect of alloying elements on the formation and stability of low temperature thermal diffusion layer on stainless steel surface were summarized. The development status and achievements of preparation technology for low temperature thermal diffusion layer on austenitic stainless steel surface and the stability of “expanded” γ phase layer were emphasized, including nitrogen-containing “expanded” γ phase layer prepared by low temperature nitriding technology, carbon-containing “expanded” γ phase layer prepared by low temperature carburizing technology, as well as nitrogen and carbon-containing “expanded” γ phase layer prepared by low temperature nitrocarburizing, low temperature nitriding + low temperature carburizing or low temperature carburizing + low temperature nitriding composite technologies. The stability of low temperature diffusion layers and the influence of alloying elements were also reviewed, including gas method, liquid method, plasma method and plasma annihilation injection method. At the same time, the preparation technologies of low temperature thermal diffusion layer on Co-Cr alloy, high-entropy alloy, martensitic stainless steel and ferritic stainless steel as well as the research status of stability of “expanded” α phase layer were reviewed. Based on the analysis of the research status of preparation and thermal stability of low temperature thermal diffusion layer on stainless steel surface, the future research directions in the field of low temperature thermal diffusion layer on stainless steel surface, especially the stability of low temperature thermal diffusion layer, are prospected.