综述了近年来在抗污、超滑/超亲水、可降解、促凝血、促细胞生长等新型多功能季铵化抗菌材料的分子设计和潜在应用方面取得的研究进展，指出在抗菌的同时并具有以上所提及的多种功能是抗菌材料发展的一大趋势。举例说明通过原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）技术，合成的星状聚合物（POSS-g-PDMA），在季铵化后具有了极高的抗菌活性、相对非血溶性和可降解性。高度季铵化的基于二甲基癸基铵壳聚糖-接枝-聚(乙二醇)甲基丙烯酸酯(DMDC-Q-g-EM)和聚(乙二醇)二丙烯酸酯的抗菌水凝胶兼具抗菌和抗真菌活性、生物相容性和可重复使用性。最后对新型多功能季铵化抗菌材料的未来发展方向进行了展望。

The research progress in molecular design and potential application of novel multifunctional quaternary ammonium antibacterial materials in recent years, such as anti-fouling, super-slippery/super-hydrophilic property, degradation, blood coagulation promotion, cell growth promotion, etc., was reviewed. The multiple functions mentioned above were also the major trend in the development of antibacterial materials while resisting bacteria. An example was given to illustrate that the star polymer (POSS-g-PDMA) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technology had extremely high antibacterial activity, relatively non-blood solubility and degradability after quaternization. Highly quaternized antibacterial hydrogels based on dimethyl decyl ammonium chitosan-graft-poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate (DMDC-Q-g-EM) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate had antibacterial and antifungal activities, biocompatibility and reusability. Finally, the future development direction of new multifunctional quaternary ammonium antibacterial materials is prospected.