目的 探索在强化研磨加工中，钢珠损伤对轴承套圈表面粗糙度和硬度的影响规律。方法 采用单一变量法改变钢珠循环使用次数，分别对11个轴承套圈工件进行强化研磨加工实验。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、粗糙度测量仪和洛氏硬度计分别检测所得钢珠和工件试样的表面微观形貌、表面粗糙度、表面硬度以及横截面形貌，并分析钢珠损伤与工件试样表面粗糙度、硬度的关系。结果 在工艺条件保持不变的前提下，随着循环使用次数的增加，钢珠表面由微点蚀向翘起及疏松损伤演化，加工所得工件表面粗糙度和硬度增量也随之下降。循环使用150次以内，钢珠表面损伤以微点蚀为主，损伤程度较轻微，加工所得工件强化层厚度在50 μm以上，表面平均粗糙度为1.2~1.6 μm，表面平均硬度增量为1~1.3HRC。循环超过150次后，钢珠表面由翘起微颗粒和薄片向疏松表层缺陷演化，损伤程度加重，加工所得工件强化层厚度低于50 μm，表面平均粗糙度下降至1.0 μm，表面硬度增量则在0.06~0.6HRC之间。结论 本研究实验条件下，钢珠循环使用次数不宜超过150次，否则将导致加工所得工件的表面粗糙度和硬度增量显著下降。

The work aims to explore the influence rule of steel bead damage on the surface roughness and hardness of bearing rings under strengthened grinding process. Single variable method was used to change the steel bead’s cycle index and 11 bearing ring workpieces were respectively processed by strengthened grinding. The surface morphology, roughness, hardness and cross sectional morphology of workpiece specimens and steel bead were tested by field emission scanning electron microscopy respectively, roughness measuring instrument and Rockwell hardness apparatus. Then the relationship between surface roughness and hardness of workpiece and damage of steel bead was analyzed. The steel bead damage evolved from micro-pitting to up-warping and loosened damage with the increase of recycle index of steel bead when the technological conditions kept unchanged and the surface roughness and hardness increment of workpieces also declined. Within 150 cycles, the surface damage of steel bead was mainly micro-pitting corrosion with minor damage and the thickness of strengthened layer, the average surface roughness and hardness of the workpiece obtained from the processing are over 50 μm, 1.2~1.6 μm and 1~1.3HRC respectively. After over 150 cycles, the steel bead damage evolved from upturned microparticles and thin sheets to loosened surface defects with further damage. Furthermore, the thickness of the workpiece strengthened layer obtained by machining was less than 50 μm and the average surface roughness decreased linearly from 1.2 μm to 1.0 μm, while the surface hardness increment was between 0.06HRC and 0.6HRC. The steel bead recycle index should not be more than 150 times under the condition of this experiment. Otherwise, the increment of surface roughness and hardness on processed workpieces decreases obviously.