首先分别论述了单组分缓蚀剂和复配型缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理，即不同类型的缓蚀剂在金属表面所具有的不同吸附过程。单组分缓蚀剂中特殊的分子基团在金属表面通过物理吸附、化学吸附或混合吸附过程起到缓蚀作用，复配型缓蚀剂在金属表面通过各组分间协同吸附或竞争吸附过程起到缓蚀作用，并指出了缓蚀机理的研究所存在的问题。然后，主要综述了近几年来国内外对用于二氧化碳腐蚀缓蚀剂的研究进展，包括咪唑啉衍生物、表面活性剂、季铵盐、有机胺和复配型缓蚀剂，结合缓蚀剂的分子结构和缓蚀效率等对其进行了阐述。介绍了几种用于二氧化碳腐蚀的新型缓蚀剂，如多活性位点有机化合物、硫醇、席夫碱和聚合物等。最后针对二氧化碳腐蚀环境的复杂性，对未来缓蚀剂及其缓蚀机理的研究方向进行了展望。

Firstly, the corrosion inhibition mechanisms of single-component inhibitors and complex corrosion inhibitors were discussed respectively to confirm that the adsorption process of various corrosion inhibitors on metal surface was different. The special molecular group in a single component corrosion inhibitor acted as an inhibitor on the surface of the metal by physisorption, chemisorption or mixed adsorption. Complex corrosion inhibitor acted as an inhibitor through the synergistic adsorption or competitive adsorption of each component on the metal surface. Then the problems existing in the mechanism of corrosion inhibition were pointed out. After that, the research progress of carbon dioxide corrosion inhibitors at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed mainly, including imidazoline derivatives, surfactants, quaternary ammonium salts, organic amines and complex corrosion inhibitors. Combined with the molecular structure of the inhibitor and the corrosion inhibition efficiency, these corrosion inhibitors were expounded. Several new corrosion inhibitors were introduced, including multiple active site organic compounds, mercaptan, schiff base and polymers. Finally, the future research direction of corrosion inhibitor and inhibition mechanism was prospected for complex carbon dioxide corrosion environment.