目的 采用溶胶凝胶法对密胺甲醛树脂微胶囊红磷（MRP）进行改性，并探究最佳工艺条件，以加强其使用性能。方法 以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为原料，选取TEOS添加量为工艺条件，采用溶胶凝胶法改性MRP，制备硅凝胶-密胺甲醛树脂双层包覆微胶囊红磷（Si-MRP）。利用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对Si-MRP形态及包覆效果进行表征，并进行吸湿率测定、热稳定性分析及安定性测定。结果 采用溶胶凝胶法在MRP表面引入一层硅凝胶结构，实现了红磷颗粒的硅凝胶-密胺甲醛树脂双层包覆。TEOS添加量对样品形态及包覆率有一定影响，随着TEOS添加量的增多，Si-MRP形态从光滑层状结构向颗粒堆积结构过渡，硅凝胶包覆率由97.5%降至93.6%。硅凝胶结构提高了MRP的热稳定性，降低了吸湿率，增强了样品安定性。当TEOS与待改性MRP样品质量比为1:2.5时，制备的Si-MRP样品的着火点相对于MRP提高80 ℃，10 d后吸湿率降至3.7%，摩擦感度降至14%。结论 采用溶胶凝胶法可对MRP实现有效包覆，经硅凝胶包覆后的样品使用性能得到进一步提高。

The work aims to improve performance of melamine-formaldehyde resin microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP), modify it in sol-gel method, and study the optimum technological conditions. With tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursor and TEOS additive amount as process conditions, silica gel-MF resin double layered microencapsulated red phosphorus (Si-MRP) was prepared via sol-gel modification. Surface morphology and coating effect of Si-MRP were characterized by FT-IR, SEM and XPS. Meanwhile, moisture rate, thermal stability and sensitivity of the samples were also tested. A layer of silica gel structure was introduced on the surface of MRP in sol-gel method successfully to coatsilica gel-MF resin double layered microencapsulated red phosphorus (Si-MRP). The morphology and coating ratio of Si-MRP was influenced by the TEOS additive amount. With the increase of TEOS, surface morphology of Si-MRP transformed from stratiform structure to particle accumulation structure, and the coating ratio decreased from 97.5% to 93.6%. The silica gel structure enhanced thermal and mechanical stability of MRP, and decreased moisture rate. Provided with TEOS-MRP mass ratio of 1:2.5, ignition temperature of Si-MRP prepared increased by 80 ℃ compared with MRP, and the moisture rate and friction sensitivity decreased to 3.7% and 14%, respectively. MRP can be microencapsulated effectively in sol-gel method, and performance of the samples can be further improved after microencapsulation.