目的 研究离子液体中Ni2+浓度对Al-Ni合金镀层结构和成分的影响，同时考察电流密度对镀层表面形貌和织构的影响。方法 采用脉冲电流法，在含有不同浓度氯化镍的无水三氯化铝/盐酸三甲胺离子液体中，于不同电流密度下电沉积制备Al-Ni合金镀层。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射技术和能谱分析仪探究离子液体中Ni2+的浓度对Al-Ni合金镀层结构和成分的影响，考察电流密度对镀层表面形貌和织构的影响。结果 随着离子液体中Ni2+浓度的增加，镀层中镍的含量增多，表面胞状颗粒逐渐变小，表面趋于均匀，当Ni2+的浓度为0.2 mol/L时，形成铝镍金属间化合物。另外，随着电流密度的增加，镀层表面形貌由针状晶体变为棒状颗粒，并且颗粒逐渐增大。结论 离子液体中Ni2+的浓度和电流密度对Al-Ni合金镀层表面形貌、结构和成分有一定的影响。当溶液中Ni2+的浓度为0.2 mol/L、电流密度为6 mA/cm2时，电沉积4 h可制备得到厚度为10 μm、由3 μm大小晶粒组成、含有铝镍金属间化合物的合金镀层。

This work aims to study the effects of Ni2+ concentration in ionic liquid on structure and composition of Al-Ni alloy coatings, and current density on surface morphology and texture of the coatings. The Al-Ni alloy coatings were prepared in the method of pulse current at different current density in AlCl3/trimethylamine hydrochloride ionic liquid containing different concentration of Ni2+. Besides, the effects of Ni2+ concentration in ionic liquid on structure and composition of Al-Ni alloy coatings were studied using SEM, XRD and EDS, and the effects of current density on surface morphology and texture of the coatings were investigated. As Ni2+ concentration increased in the ionic liquid, Ni content in the coatings increased, cellular particle size decreased, the surface tended to be uniform, and aluminum nickel intermetallic compound formed at the Ni2+ concentration of 2 mol/L. In addition, as current density increased, surface morphology of the coatings transformed from acicular crystal to claviform particle which gradually increased. The Ni2+ concentration and current density have certain influence on surface morphology, structure and composition of the Al-Ni alloy coatings. Provided with current density of 6 mA/cm2 and Ni2+ concentration of 0.2 mol/L, 10 μm thick Al-Ni alloy coatings containing intermetallic compounds and consisting of 3 μm grains can be obtained after being electrodeposited for 4 h in the method of pulse current.