目的 通过对水性聚氨酯进行硬段改性和后扩链改性，得到兼具防腐和阻燃功能的水性聚氨酯涂层材料。方法 以二异氰酸酯、聚丙二醇、二羟甲基丙酸为基本单体，磷氮协效阻燃剂（FRC-6）作为硬段扩链剂，制备合成阻燃水性聚氨酯（FPU）预聚体。采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯（GO），以其作为后扩链剂在水性聚氨酯水乳化阶段加入，利用GO结构中的—OH等含氧官能团与FPU中的NCO—反应，制备出高接枝率氧化石墨烯化学改性的阻燃水性聚氨酯材料（GOFPU），并对GOFPU的结构与性能进行表征。结果 GO改性后，聚氨酯乳液粒度分布向粒径增大的方向变化，平均粒径在90 μm左右，且乳液黏度降低，最低至9 mPa?s，GO对聚氨酯预聚体的接枝率最高可达89.2%。GO的含量为0.4%时，材料的耐腐蚀电位增大到76 mV，耐腐蚀性最强；GO的含量为1%时，材料的极限氧指数LOI值为30.5%，达到难燃级别。结论 对比相同阻燃剂含量的聚氨酯材料，GOFPU乳液的平均粒径增大，黏度降低，阻燃性大幅提高，防腐性能显著，且无毒无害、绿色环保。

The work aims to obtain the waterborne polyurethane coating material with anticorrosive and flame-retardant functions by hard segment and post-chain modification. The polyurethane prepolymer (FPU) was prepared and synthesized by taking diisocyanate, polypropylene glycol and dimethylolpropionic acid as basic units and phosphorus and nitrogen synergetic flame retardant (FRC-6) as chain extender of hard segment. The improved Hummers method was used to prepare graphene oxide (GO) which was taken as post-chain extender and added in the emulsion phase of waterborne polyurethane. The modified waterborne polyurethane materials (GOFPU) with high grafting rate graphene oxide were prepared by the reaction between oxygen-containing functional group like —OH in GO structure and NCO— in FPU. The structure and performance of GOFPU were characterized.. After modification of GO, the distribution of polyurethane emulsion participle changed along the direction in which the particle size increased. The average particle size of GOFPU increased to 90 μm and the viscosity of the emulsion reduced to the lowest value of 9 mPa?s. The grafting rate of GO and FPU was up to 89.2% at most. When the content of the GO was 0.4wt%, the corrosion resistance potential was 76 mV and the corrosion resistance was the best. When the content of the GO was 1.0wt%, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.5% reached the flame retardant level. Compared to waterborne polyurethane materials with the same content of fire retardant, the particle size of GOFPU emulsion increases, the viscosity decreases, the corrosion-resistant and flame retardation improve dramatically. Moreover, GOFPU was non-toxic and harmless, green and environmentally friendly.