结合激光熔覆自润滑涂层实例，从材料设计、制备工艺、性能优化等方面综述了激光熔覆自润滑涂层的研究现状、存在的问题及发展方向。总结了常用固体润滑材料的摩擦学性能特点，并就如何选择自润滑材料、包覆技术和宽温域润滑的研究进展进行了简要阐述。讨论了激光熔覆制备自润滑复合涂层中软质润滑相和硬质耐磨相之间的关系，以及熔覆材料成分对涂层摩擦学性能的影响。简要分析了裂纹成因及控制涂层质量的常用手段，重点探讨了激光工艺参数对涂层中润滑相体积分数和分布状态的影响，并总结了激光熔覆自润滑涂层在工程中的应用，以期为激光熔覆技术的发展提供参考。目前激光熔覆自润滑涂层的应用已初具规模，但在润滑剂的失效与防护、新材料的研究与应用、制备工艺的优化以及针对特殊环境下的摩擦磨损实验研究等方面仍存在较大发展空间。

The work summarized research status, existing problem and development direction of self-lubricating coatings by laser cladding from four aspects including material design, preparation process, performance optimization, etc. based on practical examples of self-lubricating coating. The tribological properties of common solid lubricants were summarized and the research progress on how to choose self-lubricating materials and encapsulation technology and lubrication on wide temperature ranges was explained briefly. The relationship between soft lubricating phase and hard wear-resistant phase in self-lubricating coatings by laser cladding was discussed and the influence of the material proportion on tribological performance of coating was analyzed. The cause of the crack and the common means of improving coating quality were analyzed briefly. The influence of laser process parameters on the volume fraction and distribution of lubrication phases in coatings was discussed emphatically. The application of coating by laser cladding in engineering was also summarized to provide reference for laser cladding technology. The self-lubricating coating by laser cladding has took shape in application, but still has large development space in terms of failure and protection of lubricants, research and application of new materials, optimization of fabrication process and tribological experiment study in special environment.