目的 通过分析采用磁控溅射工艺在玻璃表面制备膜层的镀膜玻璃表面成分，探究其发霉原因。方法 利用扫描电镜-能谱仪以及X射线光电子能谱，对镀膜玻璃表面发霉和未发霉区进行元素分析，并与陆运样品进行对比，分析讨论了镀膜玻璃发霉的主要原因。对海洋运输的镀膜玻璃进行深度剖析，检测其随着深度元素分布的变化。结果 镀膜玻璃表面出现星罗式白斑，通过XPS测试得到镀膜玻璃表面存在氟元素，氟质量分数为0.12%，扩散深度约为11 nm。白斑内氟含量更高，为1.07%，扩散深度约为65 nm，且Na元素已微量扩散至样品表面。结论 海洋运输过程中镀膜玻璃与来自海洋中的含氟物质长时间接触，膜层顶层起保护作用的SiO2被侵蚀，SiO2膜层脱落造成了大量水汽与镀膜玻璃接触，表面层中的可溶性硅酸盐被水解和破坏，形成了苛性钠，从而导致玻璃大面积发霉。

The work aims to explore causes of mildew by analyzing ingredients of the coated glass surface of which coating is prepared on glass surface by magnetron sputtering. Elements of mildew-free area and moldy area on coated glass were analyzed with SEM-EDS and XPS. The analysis results were compared with those of the samples for land transportation. Main causes of mildew were analyzed and discussed. The coated glass for marine transportation was analyzed in depth, changes in elements distribution as a function of depth were tested. Star white spots appeared on the coated glass, fluorine was detected on the coated glass during XPS test, fluorine content was 0.12%, diffusion depth was about 11nm; fluorine content of white spots was higher, 1.07%, diffusion depth was about 65 nm; and Na element has been diffused to the surface of samples. During the course of marine transportation, coated glass is long exposed to fluorine substances from the sea, the protective SiO2 on the top layer of the film is eroded, peeling of the film causes the coated glass to be exposed to a great deal of water vapor. Soluble silicate on surface layer is hydrolyzed and destroyed, sodium hydroxide forms and leads to massive glass mildew.