目的 探索不同加工工艺对EA4T车轴表面完整性的影响。方法 针对EA4T成品车轴精车加工的表面，以及精车之后再分别作打磨抛光、滚压处理的表面，运用里氏硬度仪、X射线衍射残余应力分析仪、扫描电子显微镜以及三维光学显微镜等设备，进行表面硬度、表面残余应力状态、表面形貌及粗糙度检测。结果 精车后表面的平均硬度为221HV，表面轴向、周向平均残余应力为?371、?231 MPa，表面粗糙度（Ra）为1.432 μm。而精车之后再分别作打磨抛光、滚压处理，表面硬度分别提升了2.3%、11.6%，表面轴向残余应力分别增加了9.7%、23.5%，周向残余应力增幅分别为18.6%、59.3%，同时表面粗糙度（Ra）大幅度下降到0.442、0.318 μm。结论 滚压、打磨抛光皆能提升车轴表面的硬度和残余应力水平，降低表面粗糙度（Ra）。相比而言，滚压的效果更理想。

The work aims to explore effects of different processing technologies on surface integrity of EA4T axles used in high speed trains. For EA4T finished axle surface subject to finish turning (FT) and the surface polished and rolled after FT, surface hardness, surface residual stress, surface microstructure and surface roughness were detected with the Leeb hardness tester, X-ray diffraction residual stress analyzer, scanning electron microscope and 3D optical microscopy. After FT, average roughness of the surface was 221HV, axial and circumferential average residual stress were ?371 MPa and ?231 MPa, respectively. Surface roughness (Ra) was 1.432 μm. However, for the surface being polished and rolled after FT, the hardness of increased by 2.3% and 11.6%, respectively; surface axial residual stress increased by 9.7% and 23.5%, respectively; the circumferential average residual stress increased by 18.6% and 59.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, the surface roughness (Ra) significantly dropped to 0.442 μm and 0.318 μm, respectively. Rolling and polishing can improve hardness and residual stress level of the axle surface and reduce the surface roughness (Ra). In contrast, rolling has better effects.