粘附于涂层、过滤膜表面的生物污损给海洋航行、水产养殖等行业造成了很多不便。研制出具有优异抗菌、防污性能的薄膜已成为当务之急。纳米银颗粒具有比表面积大、表面反应活性高、活性中心多、催化效率高、吸附能力强等特点，被广泛应用于医药、催化、传感等领域。将纳米银颗粒引入涂层、过滤膜中，能够显著提高防污性能，降低生物污损的附着，改善材料的工作环境，延长其服役寿命。从原位生长和非原位添加两方面详尽地介绍了银纳米颗粒的制备方法，就纳米银颗粒的含量、形状、价态、尺寸等因素阐述了其对载银复合薄膜防污性能的影响，并从纳米银颗粒、银离子和活性氧簇的角度，系统地归纳了载银复合薄膜的防污机制，最后指出载银复合材料在实际应用中存在的问题及其未来发展趋势。虽然当前载银复合材料仍存在一些不足，但是随着技术的不断优化，该材料未来的应用前景广阔。

Bio-fouling adhering to coatings and filtering membranes has caused inconvenience in such industry as ocean navigation and aquaculture. It is in urgent need to develop membranes with excellent anti-bacterial and anti-fouling properties. Silver nano-particles, which feature in large specific surface area, high surface reactivity, many surface active centers, catalytic efficiency and strong adsorption capacity, are widely used in the fields of medicine, catalysis and sensing. Adding silver nano-particles into coatings and filtering membranes can significantly enhance anti-fouling property, reduce the adhesion of bio-fouling, improve working environment of materials and prolong their service life. Preparation methods of silver nano-particles were introduced in detail in the aspects of in-situ growth and non-in-situ addition. Effects of such factors as content, shape, valence state, size of silver nano-particles on anti-fouling properties of silver-containing composite membrane were discussed. Moreover, anti-fouling mechanisms of the silver-containing composite membrane were systematically concluded from the points of silver nano-particles, silver ions and reactive oxygen species. Finally, problems existing in application of silver-containing composites were pointed out. Future development trend of the composites was suggested. Nowadays, though silver-containing composites have some deficiencies, application prospect of silver-containing composites is promising in the future with the continuous optimization of technology.