表面摩擦和磨损是机械零部件失效和损伤的主要形式，影响和决定着材料的使用寿命。传统降低材料磨损的主要措施是采用液体润滑油，但在高温、真空和海水等环境下，润滑油脂无法充分发挥作用，PVD硬质耐磨减磨涂层成为减磨润滑材料发展的新成果，目前已得到广泛的研究和开发。在海洋工业领域，淤泥、海藻和细菌等海洋生物附着于舰船和海工装备表面，降低了船舶的抗摩擦性能和设备稳定性，影响船舶航行速度，增加船舶的燃料消耗，严重威胁着海洋航行安全。硬质防污涂层可以很好地应用于海洋装备零部件的保护。综述了将软质金属Cu引入物理气相沉积的硬质涂层，来拓展硬质涂层的功能，实现硬质涂层自润滑耐磨及抗菌防污性能的研究现状。重点介绍了Cu的引入对PVD硬质涂层结构、硬度、摩擦学行为和抗菌性能的影响，探讨了硬质涂层中Cu的减摩机理，阐明了Cu的抗菌机制，展望了含Cu物理气相沉积硬质涂层未来的发展方向和应用前景。

Surface friction and wear are the main forms of mechanical parts failure and damage, which affects the service life of materials. The main traditional measure used to reduce material wear was to adopt liquid lubricant. However, in high temperature environment, vacuum environment, sea water and other environments, the grease could not give a full play. PVD hard wear-resistant and anti-friction coatings had been becoming the new achievements of lubricating material development, and widely researched and developed currently. In the field of marine industry, mud, algae, bacteria and other marine organisms attached to the surface of ship and marine equipment could not only lead to the reduction of wear-resistant performance and stability of ship equipment, but also cut down ships’ sailing speed and increase the fuel consumption, which was a serious threat to the safety of maritime navigation. Hard anti-fouling coatings could be well applied in marine equipment parts as a protection. The research progress of the self-lubrication, abrasion resistance, anti-bacterial and anti-fouling properties of the hard coatings incorporated with soft metal Cu by physical vapor deposition to expand the functions of hard coatings was reviewed. The influence of the introduction of Cu on the structure, hardness, tribological behavior and anti-bacterial properties of the PVD hard coating is emphatically introduced and the anti-friction and antibacterial mechanisms of Cu in the hard coating are discussed. The future development direction and application prospects of the hard coatings incorporated Cu by physical vapor deposition have been envisaged.