目的 寻找一种高效、便捷的海上清理油污的方法。方法 通过水热法在光滑的不锈钢金属网基底上生长出具有纳米柱状结构的氧化锌晶体，然后用低表面能的长链硅烷对氧化锌金属网进行表面改性，制备出具有超疏水-超亲油性能的金属网材料。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱、接触角测试、粘附力测试等手段对材料表面的微观形貌、化学成分和润湿性能进行分析。结果 改性后的金属网材料表面覆盖了均匀的氧化锌微纳米结构，氧化锌晶体柱的长度约为3~5 μm，截面呈现出很规则的六边形形貌。低表面能处理后的氧化锌表面变得模糊，但结构并未发生变化。与空白金属网相比，改性后的金属网对水的接触角达到154°，对油滴接触角为0°。该金属网材料可以自动收集并回收水面上的溢油，对多种油类和有机溶剂的回收效率均高于95%，循环吸油10次后依然具有90%的回收效率。同时该金属网材料还具有良好的耐磨性能，经过胶带剥离50次或800#砂纸打磨后涂层仍保持着良好的超疏水性。结论 在氧化锌微纳米结构与低表面能物质的共同作用下，金属网表面具有了优异的超疏水-超亲油性能，可以自动收集水上的油污，具有较高的油水分离效率和较好的涂层稳定性，适用于海上溢油的清理。

The work aims to find an efficient and convenient way to clean up oil. Superhydrophobic-superlipophilic metal mesh material was prepared by developing zinc oxide (ZnO) crystal with nano-column structure on smooth stainless steel metal mesh substrate in hydrothermal method, and applying surface modification to ZnO metal mesh with long chain silane of low surface energy. Microstructure, chemical composition and wettability of the material surface were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, infrared spectroscopy, contact angle test and adhesion test. Surface of the modified metal mesh material was covered by uniform ZnO micro/nanostructure. The ZnO crystal column was nearly 3~5 μm long, and its cross section exhibited regular hexagonal morphology. Surface of the ZnO subject to low surface energy treatment became blurred while its structure remained the same. Compared with blank metal mesh, water contact angle of the modified metal mesh was 154° while oil drop contact angle was 0°. The metal mesh material could collect and recycle spilled oil on water surface automatically. Oil recovery efficiency of various oils and organic solvents were all over 95%, it was still up to 90% after cyclic oil absorption for 10 times. Moreover, the metal mesh had good abrasion resistance, it maintained excellent superhydrophobicity after being stripped for 50 times or sanded by 800# sandpaper. Under the synergy of ZnO micro/nano structure and low surface energy substances, the metal mesh surface exhibits excellent superhydrophobicity and super-lipophilicity, and it can automatically collect oil on the water. It is suitable for oil spill cleanup due to high oil-water separation efficiency and good coating stability.