中国作为世界上最早使用铁器的国家之一，在社会生产力发展的过程中，起到举足轻重的作用。大部分出土的铁质文物均含有氯化物（电解质），一旦出现在潮湿的空气中即会发生一系列的电化学反应，导致铁质文物腐蚀。因此，研究铁质文物的腐蚀机理及保护技术具有重要意义。概述了铁质文物的腐蚀影响因素及国内外铁质文物的脱盐保护方法。简述了铁质文物有机、无机及复合缓蚀剂的特点、作用机理及研究现状，介绍了铁质文物的封护材料，并展望了保护材料和技术在铁质文物保护中的发展趋势。

As one of the first countries using iron wares in the world, China plays a decisive role in development process of social productive forces. Most of the unearthed iron relics are corroded after a series of electrochemical reactions occur after being exposed in moist air as the relics contain chlorides (electrolytes). Therefore, it is of great significance to study corrosion mechanism and protection technology of iron relics. Corrosion factors of iron artifacts as well as desalination protection method of iron relics at home and abroad were overviewed. Characteristics, function mechanism and research status of organic, inorganic and composite corrosion inhibitors for iron cultural relics were briefly introduced. Sealing protective materials of iron relics were introduced, and development trend of protective materials and technologies in the protection of iron cultural relics were expected.