介绍了国内外清防蜡工艺的研究进展，总结了结蜡机理及结蜡影响因素，并对比分析了已被各油田广泛使用的四种防蜡技术（机械清蜡、表面能防蜡、化学清防蜡和微生物清防蜡）的防蜡机理、特点、适用性及现场应用效果，以便能为各油田在生产实践中，有针对性地选择合适的清防蜡技术提供理论依据，为清防蜡技术的未来发展奠定一定的基础。提出改进现有技术和开发高效、稳定、多功能的清防蜡剂是清防蜡技术的未来发展方向。

Recent research progress regarding paraffin removal and prevention technology was introduced. Paraffin deposition mechanisms and corresponding influencing factors were summarized. Four prevention technologies as well as their pariffin prevention mechanisms, characteristics, applicability and field test effects were analyzed in comparison, which could serve as theoretical basis of selecting proper pariffin prevention technologies and foundation of further development of the technologies in production practices in various oilfields. Finally, it is proposed that future development of certain technologies should focus on optimization of existing technologies and development of efficient, stable and multifunctional projects.