目的 研究HBF4（氟硼酸）对1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响规律，为工业酸洗除垢提供腐蚀方面的依据。方法 采用旋转挂片法、金相显微镜与扫描电子显微镜观察等手段研究HBF4对1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响，并对其除垢性能进行评价。结果 HBF4的水解产物HF溶解了1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面的钝化膜，造成金属表面发生剧烈腐蚀。金相与SEM照片及能谱分析显示，HBF4对金属表面的破坏以不均匀的全面腐蚀为主，具有非常明显的点蚀特征。旋转挂片法实验表明，1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢腐蚀速率随时间的延长而逐渐降低，并趋于稳定；升高温度与增加流速都会使腐蚀速率加快，不同的是流速对腐蚀速率的影响表现出了明显的线性关系。除垢试验显示，HBF4对碳酸盐水垢有较好的去除效果，除垢率可以达到97%以上。结论 选用HBF4去除水垢时，只有严格控制好清洗工艺参数，才能降低其对基材的腐蚀的影响，延长设备的使用寿命。

Objective To investigate the influence rules of fluoboric acid (HBF4) on corrosion behaviors of 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel, and provide corrosion evidences for the industrial acid descaling. Methods The effect of fluoboric acid on corrosion behaviours of 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel was studied by means of rotary weight-loss test and metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope observation. Meanwhile, its performance of scale-removing was also evaluated. Results Hydrofluoric acid, hydrolysate of fluoboric acid, dissolved the passive film on the stainless steel surface and caused serious corrosion on the metal surface. The results by means of metallographic microscope, SEM and EDS showed that the destructive form of metal was mainly unevenly distributed general corrosion, with evident pitting characteristics. The corrosion rate of metal tended to reduce and stabilize with immersion time. Besides, the increase of temperature and flow rate would accelerate corrosion velocity. But there was a significantly linear relationship between flow rate and corrosion velocity. Scale removal experiments showed that a good removal of carbonate scale could be obtained by fluoboric acid, and the scale removal rate could reach more than 97%. Conclusion When fluoboric acid is selected to remove scale, only strictly controlling technical parameters could reduce the bad corrosion to the metal substrate and prolong the service life of equipment.