针对海洋环境中各类钢铁构件日益严重的腐蚀现状，鉴于传统热喷涂技术无法解决涂层孔隙率高、热应力大等缺陷，冷喷涂技术制备防腐涂层受到国内外越来越多学者的关注。在分析大量文献的基础上，对冷喷涂制备防腐涂层的研究现状进行了分类和总结。首先，对比传统热喷涂技术特点，指出冷喷涂技术制备金属涂层、复合涂层以及非金属防腐涂层的优势和可行性，同时从电化学腐蚀角度揭示金属涂层和复合涂层的防腐机理，并简述了前人对非金属涂层防腐机理的各种合理分析。其次，从涂层孔隙率、电化学性质（包括自腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流等）以及特定应用环境下的腐蚀试验等防腐性能表征入手，归纳了冷喷涂制备的金属涂层、非金属涂层以及复合涂层等研究成果，并发现冷喷涂制备防腐涂层技术正在逐渐走向成熟，相对于金属和复合涂层，非金属涂层正在从实验室研发阶段向工业应用过渡。最后，分析了冷喷涂制备防腐涂层当前存在的主要问题和应用前景。

Aiming at the increasingly serious corrosion situation of all kinds of steel components in the marine environment, the cold spraying was increasingly attracting more and more attention from researchers worldwide in view of the coating defects of traditional hot spraying technology such as high porosity, large thermal stress, etc. that couldn’t be solved. This paper made detailed summarization and discussion on fabricating coatings via cold spraying according to the published literature. Firstly, the advantages and feasibilities of fabricating metallic coatings, nonmetallic coatings and composite coatings were explored in comparison with the technical characteristics of traditional thermal spraying. Meanwhile, the anticorrosion mechanism of metal coatings and composite coatings were revealed from the perspective of electrochemical corrosion, and all kinds of rational analysis of non-metallic coating anticorrosive mechanism were indicated. And then, the fabrications of metallic coatings, nonmetallic coatings and composite coatings were summarized from the coating porosity, electrochemical properties (including the corrosion potential and corrosion current, etc.) and specific application environment of anticorrosion properties characterization of corrosion test and so on. The anti-corrosion coating technology of cold spraying was gradually mature. Furthermore, non-metallic coatings made the transition from laboratory research and development stage to industrial applications compared with metal and composite coatings. Eventually, the present problems and potential applications existing in anticorrosion coatings fabricated by cold spraying were discussed.