冷喷涂技术（cold spray technology）是一类赋予材料表面特殊性能的重要手段。概述了冷喷涂技术在制备温度敏感生物材料加工领域的优势，并重点综述了利用冷喷涂技术制备的典型生物材料。目前，冷喷涂沉积永久性植入金属材料，如Ti合金、Fe基合金、Co-Cr合金和可降解金属材料Mg合金等技术相对成熟。近年来随着冷喷涂技术的发展，有效解决和拓展了用于医疗器械表面改性的涂层材料体系，如冷喷涂制备高分子材料超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）涂层，以及高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和聚醚醚酮（PEEK）表面冷喷涂制备生物涂层。最值得关注的冷喷涂或真空冷喷涂技术制备陶瓷涂层，如羟基磷灰石（HA）、羟基磷灰石-石墨烯（HA-graphene）以及二氧化钛（TiO2），在生物医学领域应用具有突破性进展。同时归纳了冷喷涂技术在生物医学领域的研究现状和问题，虽然在针对冷喷涂生物涂层的微观结构、力学行为、腐蚀抗力等方面取得了一定成果，在组织工程、抗菌材料等领域也取得了尝试性突破，但尚缺乏系统的冷喷涂涂层生物学性能表征，涂层与细胞/组织相互作用机理还不明确，相关的临床研究欠缺。最后，在此基础上，展望了未来生物材料朝功能化和个性化医疗方向的发展方向。冷喷涂技术在功能化载药涂层的低温制备和个性化医疗器械增材制造等领域将有更大的应用空间，并给新型生物材料的表面改性带来更多机遇和可能。

High temperature during coating deposition is still the major hurdle that impedes its application for processing temperature-sensitive, oxygen-sensitive or specially designed materials. Cold spray is an emerging coating technique that offers unique and distinctive coating characteristics, and biocompatible metallic materials (Ti- Fe- Co- and Mg-based alloys), polymers (UHMWPE, HDPE, PEEK) and some ceramics (HA, HA-graphene, TiO2) have been successfully deposited by cold spray processing for tissue engineering and anti-bacterial applications. For cold sprayed biomedical coatings, extensive knowledge has been gained pertaining to fundamental issues about material selection, coating processing, dynamic coating formation, biological performances, and microstructure-property relations. While some of the biomedical coatings are still in the preclinical testing stage. Knowledge on in vitro and in vivo behaviors of cold sprayed biomedical coatings at different levels is yet insufficient. This review also provides future perspectives of the promising cold spray technique for fabricating advanced biomedical coatings and 3D printing for making biomedical devices.