SiO2气凝胶自 1931 年由美国科学家 Kistler 制备问世以来，因其热导率低、比表面积大、孔隙率大等优异性能一直被研究者所青睐。随着研究的深入， SiO2 气凝胶的制备加工工艺得到了优化，使用性能在一定程度上得到了较大提升，研究方向也从早期的制备、性能研究发展到现在的应用研究。现已研制开发出许多具有特殊功能的全新产品，并通过与其他材料的复合得到性能更优越的 SiO2 气凝胶复合材料，使其在航天航空、军事、建筑、医学等领域得到越来越广泛的应用。在 SiO2 气凝胶众多应用领域中，其在涂料中的运用是极为重要的一个分支。针对目前 SiO2气凝胶涂料推广应用难等现实情况，先对 SiO2 气凝胶及其涂料制备过程中存在的主要问题做简要阐述，再将利用 SiO2 气凝胶在某些方面的突出性质而制成的功能涂料进行分类，并从 SiO2气凝胶在各种功能涂料中的作用机理出发，对不同功能的 SiO2 气凝胶涂料的研究进展情况进行归纳总结，在此基础上，展望了未来 SiO2 气凝胶涂料的发展方向。

Since firstly prepared in 1931 by Kistler, a scientist from the United States, silica aerogel has been favored by the researchers due to its outstanding properties, such as low thermal conductivity, large specific surface area and large porosity. With further study, its preparation technologies and functional performances have been optimized and improved. Also, silica aerogel research has developed from the early research on preparation methods and properties to its current applications. Nowadays, the development of new products with special uses and higher-performances is making silica aerogel more and more widely used in the fields of aviation and space, military, construction and medicine, among which its application in coatings is an extremely important branch. Targeting at the practical difficulties in the application and popularization of the coatings, this thesis briefly described the major problems in the preparation process of silica aerogel and silica aerogel coatings, classified the functional coatings made of silica aerogel according to their outstanding properties in specific fields, explained its mechanism of action on the coatings of different functions and summarized the research progress in all kinds of special functional silica aerogel coatings. Besides, this paper expounded silica aerogel coatings’ main problems demanding prompt solution. Finally, the development tendency was prospected.