随着石油天然气工业的迅速发展,酸性气体引起的油气管材腐蚀问题日益突出,尤其是 H2S 引起的腐蚀广泛存在,严重影响着油气开采及输送管道和炼制加工设备的使用寿命。 综述了 H2S 对油气管材腐蚀的机理、影响因素及防护方法,探讨了温度、H2S 分压、pH 值、流速、Cl-浓度、CO2 分压及管材材质等因素对 H2S 腐蚀的影响,建立了 H2S 腐蚀速率预测模型并对其进行了相关分析,对 H2S 腐蚀防护方法进行了评述。 最后,简述了 H2S 腐蚀的研究现状及发展趋势。

With the rapid development of petroleum and gas industry, the corrosion problem of oil gas tubing caused by acidic gas becomes increasingly prominent, especially the H2S corrosion phenomenon is widespread, which affects the service life of pipelines of oil and gas exploitation and transportation as well as the refining processing equipment. This paper systematically summarized the mechanism, main influencing factors and protection methods of H2S corrosion of oil gas tubing, and the effects of temperature, H2S partial pressure, PH, flow rate and concentration of Cl-, CO2 partial pressure as well as pipe materials on H2S corrosion were also discussed. H2S corrosion rate prediction model was established and analyzed. Protection methods against H2S corrosion were reviewed as well. Finally, this paper briefly described the current research situation and development trend of H2S corrosion.