概述了目前已提出的几种纳米晶金属材料制备技术和不同纳米晶金属材料腐蚀研究进展。 介绍了深度轧制技术制备纳米晶金属板材,阐述了该技术制备的纳米晶金属板材(工业纯铁、304 不锈钢和工业纯铝)腐蚀性能研究进展。 与相应的普通金属材料相比,深度轧制技术制备的这三种纳米晶金属材料在不同腐蚀环境(溶液、熔盐和高温气体)中耐腐蚀性能(局部腐蚀和均匀腐蚀)提高。 大量纳米晶及其相应普通金属材料的腐蚀实验结果表明,传统的材料微观结构参量(成分及其分布、晶粒尺寸、位错密度和残余应力等)不是腐蚀性能的本征参量。 提出了从金属材料价电子结构和氧化膜电子结构角度理解金属材料腐蚀性能及其相关腐蚀机理,并在现有工作基础上提出金属材料电化学腐蚀本征参量的概念。

The research progresses in the production techniques of nanocrystalline metal materials and the corrosion properties of different nanocrystalline metal materials were overviewed in this paper. The severe rolling technique for producing bulk nanocrystlline metal materials and the corrosion properties of bulk nanocrystalline metal materials (ingot iron, 304 stainless steel and pure Al) prepared by this technique were introduced in this paper. The corrosion resistances (localized corrosion and uniform corrosion) of bulk nanocrystalline metal materials (ingot iron, 304 stainless steel and pure Al) prepared by severe rolling technique were enhanced in comparison with their conventional polycrystalline counterparts in different corrosive environments (solutions, molten salts and gas at high temperature). According to the massive experimental results of electrochemical corrosion about nanocrystalline metal materials and their conventional polycrystalline counterparts, the conventional parameters for material microstructures (composition and distribution of elements, grain size, dislocation density and residual stress et al. ) are not the intrinsic parameters for electrochemical corrosion of metal materials. In addition, the authors proposed to understand the corrosion properties and corrosion mechanisms of metal materials from the view of valence electrons configurations of metal materials and the electronic structures of oxide film. Besides, on the basis of the present results about electrochemical corrosion of bulk nanocrystalline metal materials, the authors proposed the concept of intrinsic parameters for electrochemical corrosion of metal materials.