| XIE Shun-li,LEI Hong-hong,ZHANG Chun-li,ZHANG Cai-li.Progress in Surface Treatment of Carbon Fiber and Composite Material[J],51(11):186-195 |
| Progress in Surface Treatment of Carbon Fiber and Composite Material |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2022.11.016 |
| KeyWord:surface treatment oxidation treatment plasma sizing carbon fiber composite |
| Author | Institution |
| XIE Shun-li |
Department of Civil Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou , China |
| LEI Hong-hong |
Foguang Power Generation Equipment Co.Ltd., Zhengzhou , China |
| ZHANG Chun-li |
Department of Civil Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou , China |
| ZHANG Cai-li |
Department of Civil Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou , China |
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| Abstract: |
| Carbon fiber has become the preferred reinforcement for advanced composites due to its excellent mechanical properties and high strength to weight ratio, but the hydrophobic and chemical inert characteristics of the carbon fiber surface restrict the interface bonding between carbon fiber and matrix, which limits the application of carbon fiber composites in more fields. In order to improve the mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites, surface treatment technology has been used to improve the adhesion between carbon fiber surface and polymer molecules. This paperaimstostudythe surface treatment of carbon fiber thatare discussed at home and abroad in recent years. The mechanism and the advantages and disadvantages of various surface treatment processes are described, and the effects of surface treatment technology on the carbon fiber’s surface morphology, strength, wettability, interface properties, and mechanical properties of composites are reviewed. On this basis, the existing problems of carbon fiber surface treatment technology are pointed out and corresponding suggestions are given, indicating the direction of future development. Oxidation method, plasma, and sizing are three major types for carbon fiber surface treatment at present. Among them, Oxidation by liquids is the preferred method for carbon fiber surface treatment because of its mature process, no special equipment required, mild, and effectiveness. The mechanism of surface treatment of carbon fiber improve the interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix through mechanical interlocking or covalent bond by etching the carbon fiber surface or forming acidic functional groups on the carbon fiber surface. Surface treatment will form micropores, grooves or protrusions on the surface of carbon fibers, which cause significant changes in the surface morphology of carbon fiber. At present, the characterization of surface morphology mainly depends on observation of SEM or AFM, and there is still a lack of quantitative characterization methods and models. Different surface treatment methods have different effects on the bulk strength of carbon fiber. Oxidation treatment is unfavorable to the tensile strength of carbon fiber. Sizing can generally improve the tensile strength of the fiber, while plasma on the tensile strength of the fiber is uncertain. Good wettability of carbon fiber with matrix is the primary condition for forming a close interface between them. The wettability of the fiber depends on the diameter, roughness and surface energy of carbon fiber while the surface roughness and surface energy have the most significant effect on the wettability. The number of oxygen containing functional groups on the surface of carbon fibers istreated by oxidation with liquid increasing significantly, and the esterification reaction occurred in the interface area between the treated carbon fibers and the matrix, which is the fundamental reason for the improvement of the interface bonding property. Surface treatment technology can also be modified by adding carbon nanotubes into sizing agent. The amino group in the carbon nanotubes has graft reaction with the COOH functional group on the carbon fiber surface, which can effectively increase the specific surface areaand promote the mechanical interlocking and local hardening of the interface to improve the interface strength. The overall performance of the composite is effectively improved by used the treated carbon fiber as the reinforcing phase, because the fiber modification improves the activity, wettability, and roughness of the carbon fiber surface.Thus theincreased bonding and anchoring between the fiber and the matrixare forming a continuous interface layer, which is conducive to load transfer. At present, the research is mostly focused on experimental research and parameter optimization, and there is still a lack of relevant theoretical models and theory support. The information on the role of carbon fiber modification in enhancing the interface performance is insufficient, so it is necessary to use advanced characterization technology to study the physical and mechanical properties, explore mechanism of nano scale interface phase and establish a "multi-scale" surface treatment method to analyze and improve the fiber/matrix interface characteristics. At the same time, all surface treatment methods at this stage have their own advantage and disadvantage. Therefore, when dealing with carbon fiber surface modification, it is necessary to adopt appropriate modification methods according to the actual situation or combine multiple modification methods, so as to achieve the optimum material performance and promote the wider application of carbon fiber composites. |
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