| BAO Jianqin,HU Xuemei,QIAO Junqiang.Preparation and Supercapacitor Performance of Hierarchical CuS Electrode Material[J],54(8):210-218 |
| Preparation and Supercapacitor Performance of Hierarchical CuS Electrode Material |
| Received:May 20, 2024 Revised:July 10, 2024 |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.08.019 |
| KeyWord:CuS hierarchical structure supercapacitor performance surfactant hydrothermal reaction |
| Author | Institution |
| BAO Jianqin |
Gansu Natural Energy Research Institute, Lanzhou , China;Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Utilization, Gansu Province, Lanzhou , China |
| HU Xuemei |
Gansu Natural Energy Research Institute, Lanzhou , China |
| QIAO Junqiang |
Gansu Natural Energy Research Institute, Lanzhou , China;Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Utilization, Gansu Province, Lanzhou , China |
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| Abstract: |
| To develop high-performance supercapacitors, the preparation of electrode materials with high capacitance, simple-operated and good chemical stability is highly desired. As one of widely used supercapacitor electrode materials, copper sulfide (CuS) is subject to electrochemical activity and cycling stability. The construction of three-dimensional nanostructures with hierarchical structures can increase the contact area between the electrode materials and the electrolyte, change the reaction kinetics occurring on the surface of the electrode materials, and thus improve the electrochemical performance. The hydrothermal method is a simple and convenient route to the tune structure and morphology of nanomaterials. Therefore, in this work, hierarchical CuS nanomaterials are prepared by a hydrothermal method, and the microstructure and specific surface area of the materials are regulated by adding surfactants PEG400 and OP-10 to the precursors of the hydrothermal reaction. The crystalline phases, compositions, microstructures, and specific surface areas of the prepared samples are systematically characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption-desorption and differential scanning calorimeter tests. The XRD and XPS results demonstrate that the addition of surfactant has little effect on the crystallinity and oxidation statements of elements in all three as-prepared samples. The SEM result shows that the addition of surfactant in hydrothermal process can changed the particle size and microstructure of as-prepared CuS samples. The N2 adsorption-desorption test confirms the alteration of as-prepared CuS samples after the addition of PEG400 and OP10, which is consistent with SEM results. The differential scanning calorimeter test shows that the addition of surfactants has little effect on the thermal stability of as-prepared CuS samples. The electrochemical performance and cycling stability of as-prepared CuS materials are investigated by electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry test and constant-current charge/discharge. The result shows that the morphology and surface area of CuS nanomaterials affect its electrochemical performance. The CuS prepared with the addition of PEG400 exhibits unique microscopic hierarchical microstructure with surface area of 35.6 m2/g and better performance as supercapacitor electrode with the specific capacitance of 785.5 F/g, which is higher than that of the samples prepared with absence of surfactant and the addition of OP10. In addition, the CuS prepared with the addition of PEG400 remains 77.8% of initial specific capacitance after 2 000 cycles at the current density of 8 A/g. The better electrochemical performance of the CuS electrode material prepared by adding PEG400 can be attributed to its higher specific surface area, which is conducive to increasing the contact area with the electrolyte, and the unique microscopic morphology, which promotes ion transport and diffusion in the electrolyte. The larger specific surface area of the CuS electrode material prepared by adding PEG400 can increase the contact area between the electrolyte and the electrode material, which finally enhances the active sites for electrochemical reactions. The unique microscopic hierarchical structure of CuS with the addition of PEG400 formed by the loose stacking of nanosheets, is beneficial to shorten the ion diffusion path of the electrolyte and accelerate the ion transfer rate of the electrolyte, which enhance the charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. This work not only demonstrates the promising potential of the mesoporous CuS materials as supercapacitor electrodes,but also provides an available pathway to synthesize transition metal sulfide architecture with different particle size and morphology. |
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