| FENG Yukun,DONG Hui,ZHANG Yongjie,LI Pengyu,ZHANG Sanqi,YANG Zichen.Effect of Laser Power on the Wear and Corrosion Resistance of 316L/Al2O3 Cladding Layers[J],54(7):151-161 |
| Effect of Laser Power on the Wear and Corrosion Resistance of 316L/Al2O3 Cladding Layers |
| Received:August 04, 2024 Revised:October 17, 2024 |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.07.013 |
| KeyWord:laser cladding 316L/Al2O3 cladding layer laser power dilution rate wear corrosion resistance |
| Author | Institution |
| FENG Yukun |
School of Material Science and Engineering,Xi'an Key Laboratory of High Performance Oil and Gas Field Materials, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an , China |
| DONG Hui |
School of Material Science and Engineering,Xi'an Key Laboratory of High Performance Oil and Gas Field Materials, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an , China |
| ZHANG Yongjie |
School of Material Science and Engineering,Xi'an Key Laboratory of High Performance Oil and Gas Field Materials, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an , China |
| LI Pengyu |
School of Material Science and Engineering,Xi'an Key Laboratory of High Performance Oil and Gas Field Materials, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an , China |
| ZHANG Sanqi |
School of Material Science and Engineering,Xi'an Key Laboratory of High Performance Oil and Gas Field Materials, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an , China |
| YANG Zichen |
School of Material Science and Engineering,Xi'an Key Laboratory of High Performance Oil and Gas Field Materials, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an , China |
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| Abstract: |
| The work aims to address the insufficient wear resistance of 316L stainless steel laser cladding layers by proposing a performance optimization strategy integrating both laser power parameters and hard phase Al2O3 particle reinforcement. A low-dilution-rate, high-wear-resistance and corrosion-resistant cladding layer was successfully developed, offering advanced surface modification solutions for applications in rail transportation and petrochemical industries. Laser cladding technology was employed to fabricate a 316L/Al2O3 composite layer on the surface of Q235 steel with 6% Al2O3 powder at varying laser power levels. The addition of Al2O3 effectively blocked part of the laser heat input, allowing control over the effect of thermal input on the dilution rate of the cladding layer while simultaneously enhancing its hardness and wear/corrosion resistance. Various characterization techniques were utilized, including a TESCAN CLARA ultra-high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscope, a Shimadzu XRD-6000 X-ray diffractometer, an HXD-1000TMC microhardness tester, an MMX-3G friction-wear testing machine, and a Versa STAT3 electrochemical workstation, to systematically analyze the microstructure, composition, microhardness, wear performance, and corrosion resistance of the cladding layer. As the laser power decreased from 1 000 W to 800 W, internal defects in the 316L/6% Al2O3 composite cladding layer gradually disappeared, with the thickness reducing from 1.3 mm to 0.7 mm. The cladding layer at 1 000 W exhibited microcracks and contained a small number of pores. Below 900 W, no cracks were observed. However, some pores remained present at 800 W and the thickness of the 316L cladding layer was approximately 2.0 mm, with a certain number of pores aggregating at the internal interface. After addition of Al2O3, the cladding thickness decreased by 65%, eliminating the pores. Under 800 W conditions, the inclusion of alumina resulted in no significant cracks or large pores, yielding a denser structure. The dilution rate of the cladding layer increased progressively with thermal input and Al2O3 effectively mitigated heat input. At 800 W, the dilution rate was approximately 9.6%, only 50.8% of that of the 316L cladding layer. With increasing power, the dilution rates were measured at 11.1% and 16.5% for 900 W and 1 000 W, respectively. The main phases of the 316L/6% Al2O3 composite cladding were austenite, along with ferrite and a small amount of Al2O3. It was observed that as power increased, un-melted Al2O3 particles gradually decreased within the composite cladding layer. At the same 800 W power level, the hardness of the composite cladding was approximately 428HV0.3, representing an increase of over 100% compared to the average hardness of the 316L cladding layer at 200HV0.3. The friction coefficient of the composite layer was about 0.42, reflecting a 25% reduction compared to that of 316L cladding layer. The average wear rates of the composite layers at 1 000, 900, 800 W were 5.35×10−3, 1.13×10−3, 0.59×10−3 mg/(N.m), respectively, showing significant reduction compared to the wear rate of 14.09×10−3 mg/(N.m) for the 316L cladding layer. Notably, the addition of Al2O3 at 800 W improved wear resistance by approximately 24 times. The wear mechanism of the 316L cladding layer was primarily adhesive wear, whereas the 316L/6% Al2O3 composite layer exhibited a combination of abrasive wear and fatigue wear, along with minimal adhesive wear. The cladding layer at 800 W displayed a pronounced passivation region, which gradually shrank with the increasing thermal input. The electrochemical self-corrosion potential (Ecorr) of the cladding layer at 800 W was −340 mV, with a self-corrosion current density (Jcorr) of 0.96 μA/cm², demonstrating the best corrosion resistance among all tested power levels and outperforming the single 316L cladding layer. By incorporating Al2O3 powder and adjusting the thermal input during the laser cladding process of 316L on Q235 steel, it is possible to effectively control the dilution rate, phase composition, and microstructure, thereby significantly enhancing the wear and corrosion resistance of the cladding layer. With other process parameters unchanged, the layer exhibits excellent wear and corrosion resistance at a power level of 800 W. |
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