| JI Cheng,AN Yongqi,WANG Ya'nan,JIANG Qing,LUO Rifang,WANG Yunbing.Erythrocyte Membrane Coating Technology by Ultrasonic Spraying[J],53(23):78-87 |
| Erythrocyte Membrane Coating Technology by Ultrasonic Spraying |
| Received:September 06, 2024 Revised:November 06, 2024 |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.23.006 |
| KeyWord:ultrasonic spraying cell membrane coating erythrocyte membrane antifouling interface blood compatibility surface modification |
| Author | Institution |
| JI Cheng |
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chengdu , China |
| AN Yongqi |
College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu , China |
| WANG Ya'nan |
College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu , China |
| JIANG Qing |
College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu , China;National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Chengdu , China |
| LUO Rifang |
College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu , China;National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Chengdu , China |
| WANG Yunbing |
College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu , China;National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Chengdu , China |
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| Abstract: |
| Macroscopic cell membrane coatings can successfully preserve the functional properties of native cell membranes, endowing the materials with good anti-fouling properties, immune evasion, and enhanced biocompatibility. However, current coating technologies, such as drop coating and dip coating, exhibit the shortcoming of high cell membrane consumption, prolonged preparation time, and poor coating stability. Meanwhile, surface modification methods such as superhydrophilic interfaces, poly(tannic acid) coatings and click-chemical reaction interfaces have been successfully implemented to construct stable macroscopic cell membrane coatings, but the procedure of substrate pretreatment is relatively complicated. Ultrasonic spraying technology can be used to efficiently deposit atomized microdroplets to form a uniform coating. In this study, erythrocyte membranes (EMs) were investigated as a model for the application of ultrasonic spraying technology to construct cell membrane coatings at the macroscopic scale. The ultrasonic spraying technology significantly reduced the consumption of cell membranes, requiring only about 0.03 mg of membrane proteins to completely cover 1 cm2 of substrate surface, forming an erythrocyte membrane coating (EMC) of ~560 nm thickness. As the spray volume increased, the atomized EMs were deposited on the substrate surface and fused together. Due to the controllable properties of the ultrasonic spraying technology, the deposited weight and coating thickness of EMCs tended to increase linearly. The dispersing medium of the EMs, the temperature and the interfacial properties of the substrate showed a great effect on the assembly of EMs and the stability of the coating. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the PBS solution and the ultrapure water system resulted in a distinct morphology of EMCs. The ultrapure water system avoided the obstruction of membrane assembly by salt crystallization, facilitating the formation of a continuous coating on the substrate and preventing coating loss after rinsing. In addition, the elevated substrate temperature accelerated the spraying rate and inhibited the inhomogeneous coffee ring structure. Compared to room temperature conditions, heating the substrate to 40 ℃ was beneficial in preventing localized agglomeration of microdroplets and improving coating uniformity during the spraying process. Furthermore, the hydrophilic interface enriched with functional groups could effectively promote the fusion and spreading of microdroplets and increase the stability of the coating. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated superior stability of EMCs on oxygen plasma-treated and polydopamine-treated substrates in a flow environment in comparison to hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). After optimization of the coating technology, ultrasonic spraying was utilized to form uniform and stable EMCs on a wide range of macroscopic materials. The prepared EMCs formed a hydrophilic coating with a water contact angle of 34°. Due to the hydrophilic phospholipid bilayer on the EMC surface, which exhibited a stable hydration layer and a natural negative charge, the prepared EMCs showed less protein adsorption and exhibited good antifouling properties compared to the bare stainless steel. In addition, the blood compatibility and ex vivo circulation experiments showed that the erythrocyte membrane coatings were capable of reducing platelet adhesion and activation, as well as thrombus formation. Due to their excellent antifouling and blood compatibility, EMCs have significant potential in the field of surface modification of biochips and blood contact materials. |
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