| WANG Xueting,JIN Xiaoqian,GE Wanyi,LIU Liyuan,DENG Xudong,YIN Dachuan.Research Progress on Protein-based Anti-biofouling Coatings[J],53(23):31-45, 110 |
| Research Progress on Protein-based Anti-biofouling Coatings |
| Received:July 02, 2024 Revised:September 26, 2024 |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.23.003 |
| KeyWord:biofouling protein antifouling coating surface modification |
| Author | Institution |
| WANG Xueting |
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an , China |
| JIN Xiaoqian |
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an , China |
| GE Wanyi |
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an , China |
| LIU Liyuan |
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an , China |
| DENG Xudong |
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an , China |
| YIN Dachuan |
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an , China |
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| Abstract: |
| Biofouling has emerged as a significant global issue which affects various sectors including medical care, food processing, environmental management, and everyday life. The consequences of biofouling are multifaceted and far-reaching, posing considerable risks to both human health and environmental sustainability. This paper seeks to address these critical concerns by providing a comprehensive overview of the diverse hazards posed by biofouling, particularly in the contexts of food production, biomedical applications, and industrial processes. Biofouling can lead to equipment malfunction, reduced operational efficiency, contamination, and increased healthcare-associated infections, making it a priority for industries to develop effective mitigation strategies. The biofouling process involves the adhesion and accumulation of biological materials, such as proteins, bacteria, and biofilms on surfaces exposed to water or other liquids. Once established, these biofilms will create a breeding ground for pathogens and other microorganisms, exacerbating contamination risks and leading to costly and time-consuming maintenance. This paper explores the underlying mechanisms of biofouling formation, which involves complex biological interactions at the molecular level, including initial protein adsorption followed by bacterial attachment and biofilm development. These mechanisms highlight the need for advanced technologies to counteract biofouling before it becomes problematic. The surface coating technology has become one of the most promising approaches to mitigating biofouling. By creating protective barriers between the surface and the biological environment, these coatings can prevent the adhesion and growth of biological pollutants. Among the various types of antifouling coatings, protein-based coatings have gained significant attention due to their unique properties. Proteins offer a versatile platform for the development of antifouling materials because of their structural diversity and the presence of various functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine groups. These functional groups enable proteins to interact with surfaces and environmental components in a highly specific manner, making them ideal candidates for creating tailored coatings with antifouling properties. Protein-based antifouling coatings work by utilizing self-assembly or chemical modification techniques to form surfaces that resist the attachment of biological materials. These coatings show considerable success in preventing the initial stages of biofouling, thereby maintaining the integrity and functionality of the underlying surfaces. This is particularly valuable in applications where surface contamination can lead to severe consequences, such as in medical devices or food processing equipment. In addition to the inherent antifouling capabilities of proteins, research has demonstrated that the performance of these coatings can be further enhanced by incorporating small molecules or other compounds with antimicrobial properties. For instance, combining proteins with polyphenolic compounds or antimicrobial agents can significantly improve the coatings' resistance to bacterial adhesion and growth. Similarly, the integration of proteins with polymers through covalent or non-covalent bonding has emerged as a key strategy for improving the mechanical strength and durability of these coatings. Polymers provide chemical stability and robustness, allowing the coatings to withstand harsher environmental conditions and prolonging their lifespan. The paper also identifies the ongoing challenges that must be addressed to facilitate the broader implementation of protein-based antifouling coatings. While these coatings offer superior biocompatibility and protection against biofouling, further research is required to optimize their durability, refine application techniques, and ensure compatibility with a wider range of substrates and environmental conditions. Additionally, cost and scalability remain critical factors that need to be addressed for these coatings become viable for industrial applications. In conclusion, this review consolidates the current knowledge on protein-based antifouling coatings, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize biofouling management strategies. By offering an environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and effective solution to biofouling, these coatings represent a significant advancement in the quest for sustainable technological solutions. Future research directions include exploring novel protein-based materials, improving coating performance, and developing more cost-effective production methods. This paper contributes to the growing discourse on innovative approaches to managing biofouling, with the ultimate goal of protecting human health and preserving environmental integrity in an increasingly interconnected world. |
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