| WEI Han,MEI Yi,LUO Hong,ZHOU Xueqiu,QIN Bingli,WANG Xikui.Research Progress and Application on Bionic Water Harvesting Surfaces[J],53(20):19-35 |
| Research Progress and Application on Bionic Water Harvesting Surfaces |
| Received:January 05, 2024 Revised:March 02, 2024 |
| View Full Text View/Add Comment Download reader |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.20.002 |
| KeyWord:bionics water harvesting superhydrophobic superhydrophilic water resource wettability |
| Author | Institution |
| WEI Han |
School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang , China |
| MEI Yi |
School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang , China |
| LUO Hong |
School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang , China |
| ZHOU Xueqiu |
School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang , China |
| QIN Bingli |
School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang , China |
| WANG Xikui |
School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang , China |
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| Abstract: |
| Water resource crisis is a severe challenge faced by the world today. Due to the increasing global population and the impact of climate change, we are facing an increasingly severe water scarcity issue. The demand for freshwater is continually rising, while the supply remains limited. In recent years, the concept of bionic water harvesting has gained immense attention and is considered a promising solution to alleviate water scarcity. This article starts with different biological inspirations and introduces the preparation processes and water-harvesting conditions of bionic water harvesting surfaces both domestically and internationally. The future development prospects of bionic water harvesting technology are also discussed. The process of fog collection can be divided into several key steps:capturing droplets from the air, microstructure-driven directional transport of microdroplets, aggregation of microdroplets into macroscopic droplets, and detaching the droplets on the water harvesting device eventually. Bionic water harvesting technology has made breakthrough progress in recent years. Herein, the development status, preparation craft, water harvesting principle and application prospects of recent bionic water harvesting technologies are reviewed, and the bionic materials/structures/surface preparation methods and application research status based on new bionic water harvesting principles are summarized. The present engineering applications involving bionic water harvesting are identified and listed, which demonstrate the boundless potential of its future engineering applications. Researchers have drawn inspiration from various organisms in nature to develop water harvesting devices with the ability to condense fog. The nanostructured back of the Namib desert beetle allows it to capture airborne droplets for its own use in extremely harsh environments. The groove structure on the tip, middle, and base of the cactus spines enables efficient droplet capture and directional transport, ensuring water supply for its survival. Spider silk also possesses effective water harvesting capabilities, achieving droplet aggregation and directional transport through the Laplace pressure gradient between the spinneret and silk threads. The multi-scale microcavity structure on the pitcher plant facilitates the accelerated transport of droplets, laying a theoretical foundation for subsequent unidirectional rapid droplet transport. Bionic water harvesting technology is developing rapidly. Despite its relatively short development period of just over a decade, various fabrication processes for bionic water harvesting surfaces have undergone significant changes. The fabrication of beetle-inspired surfaces has gradually shifted its focus to the construction of non-uniformly mixed wetting surfaces and the development of novel micro-surface structures. The preparation of cactus spine-inspired water harvesting devices has transitioned from magnetic rheological structure to the construction of a copper-based gradient wetting model with conical spines. The early-stage fabrication of spider silk-inspired water harvesting structures relies on uniform solution coating and the Raleigh instability effect, providing feasibility. In later stages, it gradually transitions to high-efficiency fiber surface coating processes. Bionic water harvesting, as a sustainable and effective water collection method, has a very broad prospect for future applications. This technology not only can be used to address water scarcity issues but also demonstrates good application potential in fields such as oil-water separation, agricultural irrigation, self-cleaning surfaces, and nucleic acid detection. However, there is still significant room for improvement in bionic water harvesting. Exploration of theoretical models to guide practical experiments, development of durable working surfaces for harsh working environments, and the transition from laboratory-scale to real-world implementation are included. To drive the commercialization and widespread application of these technologies, future research should concentrate on improving the sustainability and reducing the manufacturing cost of biomimetic materials. Only if these challenges are addressed, can we ensure a more water-secure future for our planet. |
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