| GAO Zhenrong,HOU Guoyuan,REN Siming.Structure Design and Tribological Properties of MoS2/Ti-WC Nano-multilayer Films with Environmental Adaptability in Wide Temperature Range[J],53(11):80-89, 170 |
| Structure Design and Tribological Properties of MoS2/Ti-WC Nano-multilayer Films with Environmental Adaptability in Wide Temperature Range |
| Received:May 09, 2023 Revised:November 06, 2023 |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.11.007 |
| KeyWord:magnetron sputtering MoS2/Ti-WC nano-multilayer film environmental adaptability high-temperature lubrication performance friction and wear |
| Author | Institution |
| GAO Zhenrong |
Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Ningbo , China;Collage of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou , China |
| HOU Guoyuan |
Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Ningbo , China;College of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Ningbo , China |
| REN Siming |
Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Ningbo , China |
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| Abstract: |
| The rapid advancement of machinery industry has spurred a heightened demand for mechanical equipment components that can withstand extreme conditions, including high speed, heavy load, and elevated temperature. Solid lubricating films, such as MoS2, have emerged as pivotal technologies in enhancing the longevity of such components. However, traditional MoS2 coatings are susceptible to oxidation when exposed to atmospheric or humid conditions. Consequently, there is an urgent imperative to develop a new type of MoS2-based functional protective film that offers resilience against harsh environment while simultaneously exhibiting low friction and wear characteristics, thereby ensuring prolonged safety and reliability of critical mechanical elements during operation. In response to this critical need, the work aims to fabricate MoS2/Ti-WC nano-multilayer films by non-equilibrium magnetron sputtering technology and examine the impact of Ti and WC bifunctional components, as well as the structure of nano-multilayer film structure on the crystal structure of MoS2. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), were employed to meticulously analyze the crystal structure, surface cross section morphology, and surface roughness of the films. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the films were evaluated with an in-situ nano-indentation instrument, while their friction and wear performance at different temperature (ranging from 25 ℃ to 300 ℃) were assessed by a high-temperature friction and wear test machine. The optical morphology of the wear scar and wear debris was analyzed with laser confocal microscopy. The composition of the friction transfer film on the steel surface was investigated with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy (Micro-Raman). The wear mechanism at high temperature was also discussed. The structure design of MoS2/Ti-WC nano-multilayers could induce preferential growth of the MoS2 (002) crystal plane, resulting in a film with a smooth surface and dense structure. Compared to the MoS2/Ti film, the inclusion of WC nanolayers conferred higher hardness (~9.99 GPa) and a hardness-to-elasticity ratio of 0.090 to the film. MoS2/Ti-WC nano-multilayer films exhibited an average friction coefficient of 0.07 and an average wear rate of 6.14×10–7 mm3/(N.m) in humid air conditions. At temperature ranging from 100 to 200 ℃, the multilayer films demonstrated lower friction coefficients and excellent high-temperature stability. Especially at 100 ℃, the average friction coefficient of the multilayer films was below 0.02, with an average wear rate as low as 0.44×10–7 mm3/(N.m). When the ambient temperature rose to 300 ℃, the MoS2/Ti-WC nanolayered film still maintained a low friction coefficient (~0.08) and an average wear rate (2.33×10–7 mm3/(N.m)) under high-temperature conditions. This was attributed to the structure design of the nanolayered film, high hardness- to-elasticity ratio, excellent antioxidation performance, and structural stability. Additionally, the film components at the sliding interface underwent oxidation phase transformation into MeOx nanoparticles under high temperature and high contact stress. These nanoparticles interacted with MoS2 (002) nanosheets and formed a continuous and dense transfer film on the steel counterpart surface. These research findings have significant implications for the development of novel high-temperature lubricating materials in terms of structure and composition design. |
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