程静,李政浩,李欣怡,龚天颖,李怡瑶,何李盟,林祥德.超疏水表面在血液接触类医疗器械中的应用进展[J].表面技术,2025,54(10):47-60.
CHENG Jing,LI Zhenghao,LI Xinyi,GONG Tianying,LI Yiyao,HE Limeng,LIN Xiangde.Advance in Application of Superhydrophobic Blood-repellent Surfaces for Medical Devices[J].Surface Technology,2025,54(10):47-60 |
| 超疏水表面在血液接触类医疗器械中的应用进展 |
| Advance in Application of Superhydrophobic Blood-repellent Surfaces for Medical Devices |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-19 修订日期：2025-03-28 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.10.004 |
| 中文关键词: 超疏水表面 抗血凝血栓 血液相容性 抗生物黏附 表面抑菌 |
| 英文关键词:s of the Papers Printed in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1832, 1:171-172. |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(22008151);上海健康医学院高水平地方高校建设项目(E1-2602-21-201006-1);上海健康医学院科研骨干学术导师制项目(E3-0200-21-201012-8) |
| 作者 | 单位 |
| 程静 | 上海健康医学院 医疗器械学院，上海 201318 |
| 李政浩 | 上海健康医学院 医疗器械学院，上海 201318 |
| 李欣怡 | 上海健康医学院 医疗器械学院，上海 201318 |
| 龚天颖 | 上海健康医学院 医疗器械学院，上海 201318 |
| 李怡瑶 | 上海健康医学院 医疗器械学院，上海 201318 |
| 何李盟 | 上海健康医学院 医疗器械学院，上海 201318 |
| 林祥德 | 上海健康医学院 医疗器械学院，上海 201318 |
|
| Author | Institution |
| CHENG Jing | School of Medical Instrument, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China |
| LI Zhenghao | School of Medical Instrument, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China |
| LI Xinyi | School of Medical Instrument, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China |
| GONG Tianying | School of Medical Instrument, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China |
| LI Yiyao | School of Medical Instrument, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China |
| HE Limeng | School of Medical Instrument, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China |
| LIN Xiangde | School of Medical Instrument, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 医疗器械与血液接触时易引发凝血、排斥等不良反应，会显著增加感染风险。研究表明，构建超疏水表面能够有效减少生物分子黏附，改善溶血和凝血现象，抑制微生物生长，显著提升血液相容性，因而在血液接触器械表面获得广泛应用。然而，目前对超疏水表面与血液、细胞及细菌相互作用的机制仍缺乏系统性认知，这在一定程度上限制了其进一步应用。为推进超疏水表面在医疗领域的应用与发展，系统总结了当前超疏水表面的构建策略、方法及材料体系，深入探讨了超疏水表面与血液中血浆蛋白、血小板和红细胞的相互作用机理。研究发现，超疏水表面的特定微纳结构形貌能够有效调控表面与血液成分的暴露面积和可附着区域，改变表面蛋白的吸附构型，优化表面血液流动的流体动力学特性，从而实现对表面血液相容性及其耐久性的精准调控。还全面综述了超疏水表面在植入式医疗器械、体外循环设备和伤口敷料等血液接触医疗器械中的创新应用，证实超疏水涂层在该领域具有广阔的应用前景。最后，前瞻性地指出了该领域面临的主要挑战，包括涂层的长期稳定性、使用耐久性以及生物相容性综合评价体系的建立。研究结果为未来超疏水表面在医疗器械中的优化设计和临床转化提供了重要的理论支撑和实践指导，对促进医疗器械表面改性技术的发展具有重要的参考价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| When medical devices come into contact with blood, they typically trigger the body's coagulation mechanisms and rejection responses, leading to hemodynamic interactions between them and increasing the risk of bacterial infections on the device surface. This results in a series of adverse reactions during clinical use, such as coagulation effects, thrombosis formation, hemolysis, protein adhesion, and microbial infections. Recent studies find that constructing superhydrophobic surfaces on blood-contacting surfaces can reduce biomolecule adhesion, improve hemolysis and coagulation, enhance blood compatibility, and inhibit surface microbial growth. This has become an effective strategy for improving the blood compatibility of medical device surfaces and is widely applied to blood-contacting medical devices. However, the mechanisms of interaction between superhydrophobic surfaces and blood, cells, and bacteria are not yet fully understood, which limits their further medical application. To promote the application and development of superhydrophobic surfaces in the medical field, this paper summarizes the current methods for constructing superhydrophobic surfaces, the materials used, and the mechanisms behind their blood compatibility. There are two main methods for constructing superhydrophobic surfaces:single-step and multi-step. The single-step method completes both the micro/nano-structure construction and low surface energy modification in a single process, such as sol-gel, electro-spraying, deposition, 3D printing, chemical etching, laser ablation, photolithography, and template methods. The multi-step method first prepares the surface micro/nano-structure and then modifies it with low surface energy materials. The materials used for constructing superhydrophobic surfaces include metals, metal oxides, phosphides, carbon-based nanoparticles, fluorinated chemicals, organosilicon compounds, polymers, and biomolecules. This paper discusses the interactions between superhydrophobic surfaces and plasma proteins, platelets, and red blood cells in blood. The excellent blood compatibility of superhydrophobic surfaces is attributed to the Cassie state. Specifically, the micro/nano-structure morphology of superhydrophobic surfaces significantly affects the interactions between blood cells and bacteria. For example, high-curvature nanostructures are less likely to be adhered to by plasma proteins. Modifying the spacing, distribution density, curvature, and aspect ratio of micro/nano-structures can adjust the adhesion of blood cells and bacteria on superhydrophobic surfaces. This paper also summarizes the mechanisms of superhydrophobic surfaces in resisting blood adhesion, including the reduction of the effective attachment area for blood cells and unique fluid dynamic properties. For example, in platelet adhesion, superhydrophobic surfaces not only inhibit platelet adhesion by reducing the effective attachment area but also further reduce the chances of platelet contact with the surface through their unique fluid dynamics, thereby exhibiting excellent anti-platelet adhesion properties. Additionally, the paper reviews the application of superhydrophobic surfaces in blood-contacting medical devices, specifically in the following categories:1) implantable medical devices, such as heart or vascular implants, cardiac valves, occluders, vascular stents, and bone implants; 2) extracorporeal circulation devices, such as blood purification and dialysis devices, cardiopulmonary bypass equipment; and 3) wound healing applications, such as antibacterial and hemostatic dressings. The application of superhydrophobic coatings on surfaces of blood-contacting medical devices has great potential, especially in reducing thrombosis and preventing infections. These coatings effectively prevent the adhesion of blood components and bacteria due to their high apparent contact angle, low surface energy, and complex surface structure. However, current challenges including the stability, durability, and comprehensive evaluation of the biological compatibility of the coatings, require further research and resolution. Future research should focus on several areas:first, having in-depth understanding of the interaction between superhydrophobic surfaces and blood under dynamic flow conditions, to optimize their anti-fouling and anti-thrombosis performance. Second, exploring cost-effective and easy-to-manufacture methods for preparing superhydrophobic surfaces to enhance their feasibility and sustainability in practical applications. Furthermore, the long-term stability and biocompatibility of superhydrophobic materials need to be further evaluated to ensure their safety and effectiveness in long-term use across various clinical environments. In summary, superhydrophobic coatings hold great promise as a potential solution for blood-contacting medical devices in the future. Despite the challenges, continuous progress in technology and research will provide broad prospects for their application and development. |
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