胡琦芸,王辰阳,蒋华臻,占剑,李正阳.渗氮H13钢激光熔覆涂层设计与组织性能分析[J].表面技术,2025,54(5):203-216.
HU Qiyun,WANG Chenyang,JIANG Huazhen,ZHAN Jian,LI Zhengyang.Design and Microstructure Properties Analysis of Laser Cladding Coating on Nitrided H13 Steel[J].Surface Technology,2025,54(5):203-216 |
| 渗氮H13钢激光熔覆涂层设计与组织性能分析 |
| Design and Microstructure Properties Analysis of Laser Cladding Coating on Nitrided H13 Steel |
| 投稿时间：2024-02-27 修订日期：2024-04-28 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.05.016 |
| 中文关键词: 激光修复 渗氮H13钢 氮析出 涂层设计 显微硬度 电化学腐蚀 |
| 英文关键词:laser repair nitrided H13 steel nitrogen precipitation coating design micro-hardness electrochemical corrosion |
| 基金项目: |
| 作者 | 单位 |
| 胡琦芸 | 中国科学院力学研究所 宽域飞行工程科学与应用中心，北京 100190;中国科学院大学 工程科学学院，北京 100049 |
| 王辰阳 | 河北科技大学 机械工程学院，石家庄 050018 |
| 蒋华臻 | 中国科学院力学研究所 宽域飞行工程科学与应用中心，北京 100190 |
| 占剑 | 中国科学院力学研究所 宽域飞行工程科学与应用中心，北京 100190 |
| 李正阳 | 中国科学院力学研究所 宽域飞行工程科学与应用中心，北京 100190 |
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| Author | Institution |
| HU Qiyun | Wide Field Flight Engineering Science and Application Center, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;College of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
| WANG Chenyang | College of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China |
| JIANG Huazhen | Wide Field Flight Engineering Science and Application Center, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China |
| ZHAN Jian | Wide Field Flight Engineering Science and Application Center, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China |
| LI Zhengyang | Wide Field Flight Engineering Science and Application Center, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 针对渗氮H13钢激光修复中N容易析出并形成气孔的问题，根据熔池反应热力学原理，设计了含Ti和含Co 2种熔覆材料，研究N的分布和释放机制，在渗氮H13钢基板上获得无明显孔洞、裂纹缺陷且性能优良的激光熔覆复合涂层。方法 试验了2种方案，方案一，对基板渗氮表层进行激光重熔预处理，再熔覆H13钢与Stellite钴基合金的混合粉末;方案二，先以不同配比的H13钢与Ti的混合粉末打底，再熔覆H13钢与Stellite钴基合金的混合粉末。通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、背散射电子衍射、X射线衍射等材料表征手段观测涂层的微结构，进行显微硬度测试和电化学腐蚀试验。结果 方案一中，激光重熔预处理会促使N释放，经过激光熔覆后，涂层组织以马氏体为主，存在大片残余奥氏体;方案二中，随着H13钢与Ti混合粉末中Ti元素添加量由0%增加至10%，涂层与基体冶金过渡区存在明显差异，H13+10%Ti涂层组织为马氏体和弥散分布的碳化物，H13+50%Stellite涂层内组织均匀致密，主要为马氏体和残余奥氏体。结论 通过激光熔化沉积技术制备了具有较高硬度和较好耐腐蚀性的激光熔覆涂层，解决了渗氮H13钢强化与修复中氮气孔形成以及涂层与基体结合区成分偏析的问题。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In the industry, the surface of H13 tool steel is generally nitrided to improve its properties, thus reducing the frequency of maintenance and replacement. As an advanced surface modification technology, laser cladding is widely used in surface strengthening and repairing. However, nitrogen will precipitate and may form nitrogen pores during laser repair of nitrided H13 tool steel. In order to solve this problem, two types of cladding materials containing Ti and Co were designed based on the thermodynamic principle of melt pool reaction. The distribution and release mechanism of nitrogen element were studied. And laser cladding coatings with good properties but no obvious pores and cracks were prepared on nitrided H13 tool steel. Laser cladding experiments were conducted with mixed powder of H13 and Stellite, as well as mixed powder of H13 and Ti as cladding materials. The process was optimized by changing laser line energy density, and the composition was optimized by changing the mass ratio of mixed powder. Then, two schemes were tested. In the first design, laser remelting pre-treatment was carried out on the nitrided surface of the substrate, followed by laser cladding the mixed powder of H13 and Stellite alloy. In the second design, with the mixed powder of H13 and Ti with different ratios as the base material, then the mixed powder of H13 and Stellite alloy was cladded on the base material. The microstructure of samples was characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Performance testing included micro-hardness tests and electrochemical corrosion experiments. The average hardness of the nitrided H13 steel was about 530HV. And its corrosion current density was 1.68×10–5 A/cm2. Generally, during laser cladding on the surface of nitrided H13 steel, nitrogen elements were enriched in the bonding zone, resulting in component segregation and poor corrosion resistance. The results of the first design showed that laser remelting pre-treatment could induce the release of nitrogen. After laser cladding, the microstructure was mainly martensite and retained austenite. The average hardness of the laser cladding coating was about 550HV. Compared with the nitrided H13 steel substrate, its corrosion resistance was greatly improved, and the corrosion current density was 7.57×10–7 A/cm2. The results of the second design showed that with the increase of Ti content from 0% to 10% in the mixed powder of H13 and Ti, there was a significant difference in the metallurgical transition zone between the coating and the substrate. Among them, H13+10%Ti coating had the best quality with good metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate. Its microstructure was martensite and dispersed carbides. And the microstructure of H13+50% Stellite coating on it was homogeneous and dense, mainly composed of martensite, including a small amount of retained austenite. Its average hardness was about 575HV. And the corrosion current density of the coating surface was 2.48×10–6 A/cm2, which was much lower than that of the nitrided H13 steel substrate, which meant that the corrosion resistance was significantly improved. In this article, the precipitation and release mechanism of N element is analyzed by microstructure observation and performance testing. Through designing coating compositions and optimizing processing parameters, laser cladding coatings with high hardness and good corrosion resistance are prepared by laser melting deposition technology, which solve the problem of nitrogen pore formation and component segregation in bonding zone between the coating and the substrate during strengthening and repairing of H13 nitrided tool steel. |
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