汪涵,凌志远,曾志翔,胡弘毅,耿佳东.类液滑移涂层对螺旋桨减阻及水动力性能影响研究[J].表面技术,2025,54(4):242-250.
WANG Han,LING Zhiyuan,ZENG Zhixiang,HU Hongyi,GENG Jiadong.Effect of Liquid-like Slippery Coating on Drag Reduction and Hydrodynamic Performance of Propeller[J].Surface Technology,2025,54(4):242-250 |
| 类液滑移涂层对螺旋桨减阻及水动力性能影响研究 |
| Effect of Liquid-like Slippery Coating on Drag Reduction and Hydrodynamic Performance of Propeller |
| 投稿时间：2024-04-07 修订日期：2024-07-01 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.04.020 |
| 中文关键词: 类液滑移涂层 减阻 螺旋桨 水动力性能 分子刷 边界滑移 |
| 英文关键词:liquid-like slippery coating drag reduction propeller hydrodynamic performance molecular brush boundary slip |
| 基金项目:浙江省自然科学基金(LY21E030014) |
| 作者 | 单位 |
| 汪涵 | 中远海运能源运输股份有限公司，上海 200080 |
| 凌志远 | 中远海运能源运输股份有限公司，上海 200080 |
| 曾志翔 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 海洋关键材料全国重点实验室，浙江 宁波 315201 |
| 胡弘毅 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 海洋关键材料全国重点实验室，浙江 宁波 315201 |
| 耿佳东 | 中远海运能源运输股份有限公司，上海 200080 |
|
| Author | Institution |
| WANG Han | COSCO SHIPPING Energy Transportation Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200080, China |
| LING Zhiyuan | COSCO SHIPPING Energy Transportation Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200080, China |
| ZENG Zhixiang | Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Ningbo 315201, China |
| HU Hongyi | Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Ningbo 315201, China |
| GENG Jiadong | COSCO SHIPPING Energy Transportation Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200080, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 研究类液滑移涂层对螺旋桨转动时所受阻力及水动力性能的影响，从而有效提高螺旋桨效率，实现海洋航体节能减排。方法 采用喷涂法将十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(DTMS)和四甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)两种单体的混合溶液敷设到螺旋桨表面得到类液滑移涂层。通过滑动角表征涂层的滑移性能并确定单体配比，采用平板水洞测试、旋转阻力测试、快艇测试以及空泡水筒实验等方式，通过扭矩、转速、推力、功率和螺旋桨效率等参数研究螺旋桨转动时的阻力及水动力性能。结果 涂层光滑平整，粗糙度仅有0.184 nm。DTMS分子刷负责传递水滴实现表面滑移，TMOS分子刷起着间隔物的作用，间隔距离增加可以提高水滴传递的可能性，但间隔过大反而会超出最大距离，降低传递能力。在最佳物质的量比(TMOS∶DTMS=3∶1)下，涂层的滑动角为6.17°，具备优异的水滴滑移特性和自清洁性能。涂层涂覆后可以实现桨叶1%~2%的扭矩降低、1%~2%的转速提高、4%~7%的功率下降、3%~5%的推力提升和5%~6%的螺旋桨效率(推力扭矩比)提升。结论 类液滑移涂层利用边界滑移特性可以在不同进速系数下显著提高螺旋桨的水动力性能，通过提高螺旋桨效率实现减阻，最大提升率可达6.88%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Drag reduction on marine vehicles like ships and other vessels can greatly reduce carbon emissions and fuel consumption, which is of great social and economic significance. Compared to large areas such as the hull, which can only realize drag reduction by reducing frictional resistance, propeller drag reduction can be achieved through two methods of reducing torque and increasing thrust. Boundary slip is one of the important design principles for achieving drag reduction, but common methods of lubrication through sealing gas or liquid media have the problem of medium escape. Moreover, these methods require high preparation requirements and are difficult to apply on the surface of propellers. The work aims to propose an innovative method, which does not rely on lubricating media, but directly generates boundary slip on the solid-liquid surface through surface grafting to construct a liquid-like slippery surface. The drag reduction performance is characterized by measuring and calculating changes in parameters such as torque, speed, thrust, and power during propeller operation, and finally quantified and compared through propeller efficiency (thrust torque ratio). The specific method is to select two long-chain molecules, dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) and tetramethoxyisilane (TMOS), as the target monomers. Firstly, a certain amount of DTMS molecules are dissolved in isopropanol, and the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 3 by hydrochloric acid. Then, TMOS molecules are mixed and stirred to obtain a modification solution. Finally, the coating is prepared by the spraying method, which is based on the condensation reaction between siloxane and the surface hydroxyl groups of the material. Both types of silane monomers have extremely low glass transition temperatures, and this highly flexible molecular brush can rotate freely on the surface, exhibiting liquid-like properties. DTMS is responsible for transferring water droplets to achieve surface slip, while TMOS plays a spacing role to increase the transferability. However, if the spacing is too large, it can easily exceed the maximum transmission distance and reduce the transmission capacity. A comprehensive evaluation of the drag reduction performance of slippery coating is conducted by various test methods such as water tunnel test, rotational resistance test, fast boat test, and cavitation tunnel experiment. The test includes linear and rotational flow fields, four types of samples such as flat plates, discs, three bladed propeller, and four bladed propeller, horizontal and vertical rotation axes and three methods of laboratory test, outdoor test, and third-party test, to ensure the authenticity and reliability of the results to the greatest extent possible. The optimal ratio of the two molecular brushes is TMOS∶DTMS=3∶1. At this ratio, the coating surface is smooth and flat, with a roughness of only 0.184 nm and a sliding angle of 6.17°. Water droplets can easily slide on the surface, indicating that the surface has excellent slippery performance and self-cleaning performance. The infrared spectrum confirms that the surface methylene is in a flexible liquid-like conformation (trans-gauche conformation). The drag test results show that the slippery coating can significantly improve the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller at different inlet coefficients, which is manifested as an average 1%-2% torque reduction, 1%-2% speed increase, 4%-7% power reduction, 3%-5% thrust increase, and 5%-6% propeller efficiency improvement. |
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