姚鑫宇,林强,丁昊昊,王文健,郭俊,祝毅,甘露.基于田口-灰色关联法的Ni60+WC激光熔覆涂层工艺参数优化[J].表面技术,2023,52(11):394-405, 465.
YAO Xin-yu,LIN Qiang,DING Hao-hao,WANG Wen-jian,GUO Jun,ZHU Yi,GAN Lu.Optimization of Process Parameters of Ni60+WC Laser Cladding Coating Based on Taguchi-Grey Relation Method[J].Surface Technology,2023,52(11):394-405, 465 |
| 基于田口-灰色关联法的Ni60+WC激光熔覆涂层工艺参数优化 |
| Optimization of Process Parameters of Ni60+WC Laser Cladding Coating Based on Taguchi-Grey Relation Method |
| 投稿时间：2022-09-29 修订日期：2023-02-13 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2023.11.034 |
| 中文关键词: 激光熔覆 镍基WC 工艺参数优化 田口-灰色关联法 信噪比分析 几何形貌 气孔率 |
| 英文关键词:laser cladding nickel based WC parameter optimization Taguchi-grey relation method signal to noise ratio analysis geometric morphology porosity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(52205578);四川省区域创新合作项目(2022YFQ0113);载运工具与装备教育部重点实验室开放课题(KLCE2021-10) |
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| Author | Institution |
| YAO Xin-yu | Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China |
| LIN Qiang | Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China |
| DING Hao-hao | Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China |
| WANG Wen-jian | Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China |
| GUO Jun | Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China |
| ZHU Yi | State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China |
| GAN Lu | Chengdu Qingshi Laser Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610213, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 优化Ni60+WC激光熔覆工艺参数，提高熔覆层质量。方法 设计三因素四水平正交试验，通过激光熔覆手段，在Q235钢板表面激光熔覆Ni60+25%WC粉末，并结合超景深光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察熔覆层形貌。同时，以熔覆层几何形貌和气孔率作为优化目标，评估工艺参数对其的影响。结合灰色关联理论，对熔覆层最佳工艺参数进行预测，并进行试验验证。结果 优化后的熔覆层主要以胞状晶为主，且熔覆层和基体形成了良好的冶金结合。采用田口-灰色关联法对激光熔覆工艺参数进行优化，极大地减少了试验次数(从64次减少到16次)。灰色关联度的预测值(0.626 553)与试验验证值(0.672 659)有较高的吻合度，误差仅为7%。优化后的工艺参数组合为激光功率1 100 W，扫描速度为10 mm/s，送粉速率为7.6 g/min。优化后的熔覆层宽度增加了22%(1 949 μm增加到2 383 μm)，稀释率降低了58%(24.42%降低至10.33%)，优化后的稀释率更接近目标值10%。同时，气孔率也降低了7%(0.329%降低至0.306%)。优化后的熔覆层润湿角仍小于70°，符合优化目标。结论 田口-灰色关联法能极大地减少试验次数，并较为准确地实现激光熔覆工艺参数的预测优化，有效提高熔覆层的质量，为解决复杂多响应问题的参数优化提供了一种有效手段。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Laser cladding is a new surface modification technology. It has the characteristics of fast cooling rate, small heat affected zone, wide powder selection range and high degree of automation. Cladding parameters have a significant impact on the geometric morphology and porosity of the cladding layer, which is an important factor affecting the quality of the cladding layer. At present, the researches on laser cladding process parameters are mainly based on the experiments to improve the mechanical properties of the cladding layer. However, there are few studies on optimizing the porosity and improving the quality of cladding layer. Moreover, the statistical analysis is also needed. Therefore, in the present study, Taguchi-Grey relation method was used to systematically analyze the effect of the cladding parameters, and the cladding parameters of Ni60+25%WC were optimized. The substrate (Q235) was cut into 100 mm × 100 mm × 10 mm square plates, and the MobiMRO fiber laser was used for this study. After the experiment, the sample was cut with wire cutting and polished. Finally, the sample was corroded with aqua regia. Taguchi method was used in the present study to design a three-factor and four-level orthogonal experiment, which greatly reduced the number of the experiments (from 64 to 16) and reduced the experiment cost. At the same time, the cross section geometry, porosity and microstructure of the cladding layer were observed by the optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The cladding width, the cladding height, the area of the cladding layer, the area of the cladding depth, the pore area and the grain size of the cladding layer were measured by the VHXAnalyzer software and PhenomImageViewer software. With the geometry (cladding width, cladding height, dilution ratio) and the porosity of the cladding layer as the response indexes, the effects of the specific energy and the powder feeding rate on the cladding width, the cladding height, the dilution ratio and the porosity were analyzed. Then, combined with the signal-to-noise ratio analysis, the effect degree of process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate) on different response indexes was explored. After that, the optimal combination of process parameters was obtained through the grey relation analysis and verified by experiments. Finally, the microstructure of different parts of the cladding layer was compared and analyzed. The laser power had the greatest effect on the cladding width and the porosity of the cladding layer, and the scanning speed had the greatest effect on the cladding height and the dilution ratio of the cladding layer. Increasing the energy input properly could obtain larger molten pool and increase the existence time of the molten pool. It would increase the cladding width and reduce the porosity. The optimized combination of laser cladding parameters included:the laser power of 1 100 W, the scanning speed of 10 mm/s and the powder feeding rate of 7.6 g/min. At this time, the cladding layer was mainly cellular crystal and formed a great metallurgical bond with the substrate. Moreover, the cladding layer had no obvious defects such as pores and cracks, and the wetting angle was smaller than 70°, which met the optimization goal. Moreover, the cladding width increased by 22% (increased from 1 949 μm to 2 383 μm). The dilution ratio is reduced by 58% (reduced from 24.42% to 10.33%), which was closer to the ideal value of 10%. At the same time, the porosity also decreased from 0.329% to 0.306%, with a decrease of 7%. The experiment value (0.672 659) of grey correlation degree was in good agreement with the predicted value (0.626 553), with an error of 7%. At the same time, the grain size of the lower part of the cladding layer was the smallest (3.64 μm), followed by that of upper part of the cladding layer (4.39 μm), and the grain size in the middle of the cladding layer was the largest (5.52 μm). Moreover, the increase of the laser power will cause more WC particles in the cladding layer to dissolve. |
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