吴银涛,王波,王潇.超疏水表面服役稳定性的研究进展[J].表面技术,2023,52(11):95-110.
WU Yin-tao,WANG Bo,WANG Xiao.Research Progress of Superhydrophobic Surfaces Service Stability[J].Surface Technology,2023,52(11):95-110 |
| 超疏水表面服役稳定性的研究进展 |
| Research Progress of Superhydrophobic Surfaces Service Stability |
| 投稿时间：2022-08-16 修订日期：2023-03-08 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2023.11.008 |
| 中文关键词: 超疏水涂层 耐久性 微纳米粗糙结构 低表面能 自修复 |
| 英文关键词:superhydrophobic coating durability micro-nano-rough structure low surface energy self-healing |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51571003) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 超疏水表面脆弱、耐久性差且难以修复等情况一直是超疏水涂层在实际应用过程中面临的最大挑战，通过总结和分析找到解决这一问题的方法。方法 本文对超疏水涂层可能遇到的破坏和对应的耐久性类型进行了系统分析和总结，针对每种耐久性类型分别归纳出多种测试方法并对每种测试方法对应的控制参数进行了详细阐述，对不同耐久性类型和测试方法也分别进行了详细的举例说明。结果 针对超疏水涂层耐久性差的问题，本文总结出两类提高表面耐久性的方法，分别是是提高超疏水涂层的机械稳定性和赋予涂层良好的自修复能力。提高涂层机械耐久性的方法包括构造多层次分层结构、提高涂层与基底的黏结能力、构建自相似超疏水表面，记忆建立“盔甲”结构等。自修复能力包括粗糙结构的自修复、低表面能物质的自修复、整体的自修复。结论 有了强机械稳定性，超疏水涂层在面对破坏时也有了更好的抵御能力。而具备良好的自修复能力，则可以保障涂层在被破坏后仍可以恢复至超疏水状态。此外，本文还对超疏水涂层的未来发展进行了展望，即找到一种满足各种耐久需求、低成本、适合大面积生产的超疏水表面制备方法。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Superhydrophobic coatings have broad application prospects in various fields such as life, industry, and national defense due to their special wetting properties. Especially the promotion of waterproof chips and waterproof glass has made people growing aware of the importance of superhydrophobic coatings. And through years of in-depth research and exploration of superhydrophobic coatings, the functions of the superhydrophobic coatings have become increasingly extensive, and they haves gradually developed into multifunctional coatings with self-cleaning, anti-fogging, antibacterial, anti-icing, flame retardant, electromagnetic shielding, conductive and other properties. As the application fields of superhydrophobic coatings become wider, the role they can play in the future will also increase. However, in current life and production, superhydrophobic coatings have not yet been widely used. The main reason is that the superhydrophobic coatings prepared by most current methods are fragile, poorly durable and difficult to repair. Through in-depth research on superhydrophobic coatings and their durability, it is found that the main factors for superhydrophobic properties of coatings are the surface micro-nano rough structure and the low surface energy. The rougher the micro-nano structure and the lower the surface energy, the stronger the hydrophobicity of the coating. However, the micro-nano rough structure and low surface energy materials are very fragile. The micro-nano rough structure on the surface is easily to be destroyed by some mechanical external forces such as mechanical wear, object collision, sharp tool cutting, water impact, peeling, etc. Substances with low surface energy will also decompose and age due to ultraviolet radiation, high temperature, acid-base corrosion, electrochemical corrosion, etc. Both of these situations will cause the superhydrophobic coating to lose its hydrophobicity. To better solve this problem, this paper studied the coating's characteristics including wear resistance, adhesion, toughness, hardness, heat resistance, frost resistance, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, electrochemical corrosion resistance, pollution resistance and UV resistance. For each durability type, a variety of test methods were summarized, the control parameters corresponding to each test method were explained in detail. Detailed examples of different durability types and test methods were also given. This paper also summarized two types of methods to improve surface durability for the problem of poor durability of superhydrophobic coatings. one was to improve the mechanical stability of the superhydrophobic coating and the other was to give the coating a good self-healing ability. The methods to improve the mechanical durability of the coating included constructing a multi-level hierarchy, improving the bonding ability between the coating and the substrate, constructing a self-similar superhydrophobic surface and establishing an "armor" structure, etc. Self-healing ability included self-healing of rough structure, self-healing of low surface energy materials and overall self-healing. With strong mechanical stability, the superhydrophobic coatings have better resistance to damage, and with good self-healing ability, it can ensure that the coatings can still return to the superhydrophobic state after being damaged. Finally, the future development of superhydrophobic coatings is prospected:find a low-cost, mass-producible superhydrophobic surface preparation method that meets various durability requirements. |
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