徐文婷,傅平安,欧军飞.耐久超疏水表面的研究进展[J].表面技术,2023,52(11):23-39.
XU Wen-ting,FU Ping-an,OU Jun-fei.Research Progress on Durable Superhydrophobic Surfaces[J].Surface Technology,2023,52(11):23-39 |
| 耐久超疏水表面的研究进展 |
| Research Progress on Durable Superhydrophobic Surfaces |
| 投稿时间：2023-09-28 修订日期：2023-11-07 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2023.11.002 |
| 中文关键词: 鲁棒性 仿生表面 自修复 铠甲表面 |
| 英文关键词:robust bio-inspred surface self-healing armoured surface |
| 基金项目:江苏省高等学校自然科学研究重大项目(23KJA430006) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 超疏水表面在油水分离、腐蚀防护、防水抗冰等领域具有广泛的研究和应用价值。然而，其实际应用并未达到预期的广泛程度，主要制约因素在于表面的耐久性不足。超疏水表面的失效主要体现在两个方面:一方面，由于表面粗糙结构在承受机械载荷时容易遭受高局部压力而受损;另一方面，由于低表面能分子在高温、光照和强氧化剂等刺激下容易发生分解失效。为了解决上述问题，从耐久型超疏水表面的特点入手，提出了提高超疏水表面耐久性的典型策略。这些策略包括:(1)构建弹性基底，这可以将微结构上的载荷转移至基体，减少微结构受损的可能性;(2)微结构保护，这种方法通过构筑刚性的护盾，保护了更低尺度的纳米结构免于受损;(3)胶黏+涂装，该策略是通过中间层连接，强化基体与表面微纳结构的结合力;(4)利用低表面能物质的自修复能力，这种方法可以在表面受损后通过自我修复特性恢复其超疏水性;(5)微结构的重建，可以在表面粗糙结构遭破坏后，使其恢复原貌。最后，对耐久超疏水表面的发展提出了前瞻性的展望，提出了耐久超疏水表面绿色可持续发展的新方向。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Superhydrophobic surfaces have emerged as an exciting area of research with immense potential in various fields. These surfaces, when designed correctly, can repel water to an extraordinary extent and find applications in oil-water separation, corrosion protection, waterproofing, and anti-icing. However, their practical application has been hindered by a lack of durability. The failure of superhydrophobic surfaces can be attributed to two main factors. Firstly, the rough surface structure is susceptible to damage under high local pressure when subjected to mechanical loads. The microstructure, which is the physical foundation of the superhydrophobicity, can be easily crushed or deformed under stress. Secondly, the low surface energy molecules, which are the chemical basis of the superhydrophobicity, tend to decompose and deteriorate when exposed to stimuli such as high temperature, light, and strong oxidants. As a result, the surface's superhydrophobicity diminishes over time. To address these challenges and enhance the durability of superhydrophobic surfaces, several strategies have been proposed. (1) The first strategy involves the construction of elastic substrates. By using elastic materials as substrates, the load on the microstructure can be transferred to the matrix, reducing the likelihood of damage. This approach ensures that the superhydrophobic surface remains intact even under mechanical stress. (2) The second strategy is microstructure protection. A protective shield can be constructed to safeguard the delicate micro/nanostructures from damage. This rigid shield acts as a barrier, shielding the micro/nanostructures from external forces or harsh conditions. Using materials with high mechanical strength and chemical stability prevents the degradation of the micro/nanostructure. (3) The third strategy is utilizing an adhesive+coating. By using an intermediate layer, the adhesion between the substrate and surface micro/nanostructures can be enhanced. This adhesive layer improves the overall durability of the superhydrophobic surface by providing additional support and stability. (4) The fourth strategy involves the use of self-healing materials. Superhydrophobic surfaces can be made from low surface energy materials with self-healing capabilities. These materials can restore their superhydrophobicity even after the surface has been damaged or compromised. This property ensures that the surface can maintain its water-repellent properties over a longer period. (5) The fifth strategy is the reconstruction of microstructures. This approach involves repairing or replacing the damaged microstructures to restore the surface's superhydrophobic properties and performance. Looking ahead, the development of durable superhydrophobic surfaces holds great promise. It offers new opportunities for green and sustainable solutions in various industries. By incorporating the aforementioned strategies, researchers and engineers can create superhydrophobic surfaces that are not only highly efficient but also long-lasting and resilient. These durability enhancement strategies pave the way for the practical implementation of superhydrophobic surfaces in real-world applications, enabling their widespread use and impact. This will contribute to the development of green and sustainable technologies for a wide range of applications. In conclusion, the development of durable superhydrophobic surfaces is crucial for advancing the fields of oil-water separation, corrosion protection, waterproofing, and anti-icing. By addressing the challenges related to surface durability through strategies such as constructing elastic substrates, microstructure protection, adhesive+coating, utilizing self-healing materials, and reconstructing microstructures, the practical application of superhydrophobic surfaces can be significantly enhanced. This will contribute to the development of green and sustainable technologies for a wide range of applications. |
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