邹永纯,王树棋,陈国梁,张超人,王亚明,欧阳家虎,贾德昌,周玉.304钢等离子体电解抛光工艺与其表面结构性能研究[J].表面技术,2023,52(6):51-60.
ZOU Yong-chun,WANG Shu-qi,CHEN Guo-liang,ZHANG Chao-ren,WANG Ya-ming,OUYANG Jia-hu,JIA De-chang,ZHOU Yu.Process, Surface Structure and Properties of 304 Steel by Plasma Electrolytic Polishing[J].Surface Technology,2023,52(6):51-60 |
| 304钢等离子体电解抛光工艺与其表面结构性能研究 |
| Process, Surface Structure and Properties of 304 Steel by Plasma Electrolytic Polishing |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2023.06.005 |
| 中文关键词: 304钢 等离子体电解抛光 正交试验 表面粗糙度 耐腐蚀 |
| 英文关键词:304 steel plasma electrolytic polishing orthogonal experiment surface roughness corrosion resistance |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52001100，52071114，U21B2053);青年人才托举工程(2021QNRC001);黑龙江头雁团队资助 |
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| Author | Institution |
| ZOU Yong-chun | Institute for Advanced Ceramics,Harbin 150001, China ;Center of Analysis Measurement and Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China |
| WANG Shu-qi | Institute for Advanced Ceramics,Harbin 150001, China |
| CHEN Guo-liang | Institute for Advanced Ceramics,Harbin 150001, China |
| ZHANG Chao-ren | Institute for Advanced Ceramics,Harbin 150001, China |
| WANG Ya-ming | Institute for Advanced Ceramics,Harbin 150001, China |
| OUYANG Jia-hu | Institute for Advanced Ceramics,Harbin 150001, China |
| JIA De-chang | Institute for Advanced Ceramics,Harbin 150001, China |
| ZHOU Yu | Institute for Advanced Ceramics,Harbin 150001, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 减小304钢的表面粗糙度，以满足工程应用中对高质量表面的需求。方法 提出采用等离子体电解抛光(Plasma Electrolytic Polishing，PEP)技术实现304钢表面精整改性，结合高速摄影技术，研究等离子体电解抛光放电过程。通过对比304钢在不同电解液中形成钝化膜的电化学特性，探究不同工艺参数对抛光效果的影响，进一步设计正交试验研究不同因素间的交互作用及最佳工艺方案，阐释抛光前后表面微观形貌与浸润性、耐腐蚀性能及硬度的关系。结果 通过对比分析不同电解液体系中304钢表面钝化膜的电化学特性表明，304钢在(NH4)2SO4溶液中的腐蚀电位最低，钝化膜更容易被击穿，因此选用(NH4)2SO4作为电解液。正交试验和极差分析结果表明，304钢在抛光电压370 V、电解液温度80 ℃、电解质质量分数7%、抛光时间6 min的条件下获得最小的粗糙度(~0.050 mm)。各因素对304钢表面粗糙度的影响大小顺序为电解液温度>抛光时间>抛光电压>电解质浓度。表面性能结果显示，抛光后304钢的表面光洁度显著提高，呈镜面光泽，接触角由35.09°提升至78.52°，耐腐蚀性有所提高，表面硬度略有下降。结论 通过等离子体电解抛光实现304钢表面粗糙度减小及表面质量的显著提高，该技术具有抛光效率高、工艺简单、节能环保等优点，可广泛应用于生物医疗、石油化工、机械制造等领域。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 304 steel is widely used in aerospace, medical parts, petrochemical, manufacturing and other fields owing to its excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and simple processing technique. The work aims to propose the Plasma Electrolytic Polishing (PEP) technique to polish the surface of 304 steel, in order to meet the requirements of high-quality surface in engineering applications by reducing the surface roughness of 304 steel. The discharge process of PEP was analyzed by high-speed photography technique. The electrochemical characteristics of passivation film formed on 304 steel in different electrolytes were compared. Then, the effect of PEP parameters on surface quality was explored. Furthermore, the orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate the interaction between different factors and the optimal process of PEP was confirmed. The relationship between surface morphology and wettability, corrosion resistance and hardness before and after polishing was explained. According to the electrochemical characteristics, the passivation film on 304 steel exhibited the lowest corrosion potential in (NH4)2SO4 solution, which was easier to be broken down. Therefore, (NH4)2SO4 was selected as the electrolyte for PEP. The results of the orthogonal test and range analysis showed that the minimum roughness (~0.050 mm) of 304 steel was obtained under the conditions of polishing voltage of 370 V, electrolyte temperature of 80 ℃, electrolyte content of 7 wt.% and polishing time of 6 min. The order of effect of each factor on the surface roughness of 304 steel was as follows:electrolyte temperature > polishing time > polishing voltage > electrolyte concentration. Based on the results of the discharge process, the vapor gaseous envelope (VGE) layer was generated from the bottom of 304 steel, contacting with the electrolyte. Under the pressure of the electrolyte, the VGE layer rose up and disappeared at the top and then the next VGE layer followed immediately. The surface was finished by the continuous discharge and repeated VGE layer. According to the surface performance results, the surface quality of 304 steel was significantly improved after polishing, which exhibited a mirror surface. From atomic force microscope (AFM) results in the area of 40 μm × 40 μm, the surface crest and trough area decreased from 469.8 nm and -408.4 nm to 60.4 nm and -41.5 nm, respectively. The content of austenite (γ-phase) in 304 steel was obviously increased after polishing, owing to the γ-phase with superior anti-corrosion property than α-phase. The content of the O element decreased from 3.85 at% to 0 at%, while the Cr element increased slightly. The contact angle was increased from 35.09° to 78.52°, and the corrosion resistance was improved with the polarization resistance from 1.1×105 Ω.cm2 to 2.9×105 Ω.cm2. The surface hardness decreased slightly from 1 735.9±18.5 N/mm2 to 1 676.6±14.6 N/mm2 after PEP treatment, which was attributed to that the α-phase with high hardness was easier to be removed by the microdischarge. The surface roughness of 304 steel is reduced and the surface quality is improved by plasma electrolytic polishing. The PEP technique has the advantages of high polishing efficiency, simple process, energy saving and environmental protection, which can be widely used in the fields of biomedicine, petrochemical industry, mechanical manufacture, etc. |
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