隋欣梦,胡记,张林,肇威,张维平.钛合金表面抗高温氧化涂层的研究进展[J].表面技术,2020,49(10):21-38.
SUI Xin-meng,HU Ji,ZHANG Lin,ZHAO Wei,ZHANG Wei-ping.Research Progress of High Temperature Oxidation Resistance Coating on Titanium Alloy[J].Surface Technology,2020,49(10):21-38 |
| 钛合金表面抗高温氧化涂层的研究进展 |
| Research Progress of High Temperature Oxidation Resistance Coating on Titanium Alloy |
| 投稿时间：2020-08-15 修订日期：2020-10-20 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2020.10.003 |
| 中文关键词: 钛合金 镍基高温涂层 TiAl系高温涂层 高熵合金高温涂层 氧化性能 氧化机制 |
| 英文关键词:titanium alloy nickel-based high-temperature coating TiAl-based high-temperature coating high-entropy alloy high-temperature coating oxidation performance oxidation mechanism |
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| Author | Institution |
| SUI Xin-meng | School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China |
| HU Ji | School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China |
| ZHANG Lin | School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China |
| ZHAO Wei | School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China |
| ZHANG Wei-ping | School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 钛合金在制造航空航天发动机等关键部件方面具有重要的应用价值，但高温性能不稳定是制约其发展前景的主要原因。采用激光熔覆技术在钛合金表面制备耐高温涂层，是在不改变钛合金材料整体性能的前提下赋予材料表面特殊性能的重要途径。首先介绍了钛合金的氧化行为，并简要分析了钛合金在氧化过程中的氧化特点及失效形式，指明其改善途径。随后总结分析了目前常用的镍基高温涂层、TiAl系高温涂层和高熵合金高温涂层的研究现状，其中镍基合金涂层具有较高的结合强度、良好的耐磨性和优异的耐蚀性，但由于涂层与基体中元素的扩散速率不同导致的差异，造成柯肯达尔空洞的产生，涂层变得不稳定，涂层与基体的结合强度降低。TiAl基合金的高温性能与镍基高温合金相近，且密度小，有代替镍基合金的发展趋势，其涂层表面可以生成均匀致密的Al2O3氧化膜，并且与钛合金基体间的化学成分差异小，基本不发生互扩散现象。但二元TiAl系涂层对于Al的用量有严格的要求，当其使用温度超过850 ℃时，抗氧化性能也会严重降低。因此Ti-Al-X系涂层中X元素（例如Cr、Si、Ni等元素）的添加，可以适当地降低Al含量，促进均匀致密的Al2O3氧化膜的形成，有效地阻止氧元素向基体的扩散，并且比二元TiAl涂层的脆性要低、塑性更好。高熵合金高温涂层具有许多优异的性能，调整其中某一种或者某几种元素的含量都可以进一步优化性能，因此应用前景极为广阔，但其还处于实验室研究阶段，元素配比的不合理，基体元素对熔覆层的反作用，都会使高熵合金的脆性和力学性能达不到理论效果，不能进入真正的应用阶段。最后展望了激光熔覆技术在钛合金表面制备高温涂层的发展趋势。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Titanium alloy has important application value in the manufacture of aerospace engines and other key components, but the unstable high-temperature performance is the main reason that restricts its development prospects. Laser cladding technology used to prepare high temperature resistant coatings on the surface of titanium alloy is an important way to give special properties to the surface of the material without changing the overall performance of the titanium alloy material. Firstly, the oxidation behavior of titanium alloy was introduced, and the oxidation characteristics and failure modes of titanium alloy in the oxidation process were briefly analyzed, and the ways for improvement were pointed out. Subsequently, the current research status of commonly used nickel-based high-temperature coatings, TiAl-based high-temperature coatings and high-entropy alloy high-temperature coatings were summarized and analyzed. Nickel-based alloy coatings had high bonding strength, good wear resistance and excellent corrosion resistance, but due to the difference between the diffusion rate of the elements in the coating and the substrate, the Kirkendall voids were generated, the coating became unstable, and the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate decreased. The high-temperature properties of TiAl-based alloys were similar to those of nickel-based superalloys, and the density was small, so it had a tendency to replace nickel-based alloys. A uniform and dense Al2O3 oxide film could be formed on the coating surface of TiAl-based alloys, with small chemical composition difference from the titanium alloy substrate, and there was basically no mutual diffusion phenomenon between the coating and the substrate. However, the binary TiAl coating had strict requirements on the amount of Al. When the service temperature exceeds 850 ℃, the oxidation resistance was seriously reduced. Therefore, the addition of X elements (such as Cr, Si, Ni, etc.) in Ti-Al-X coatings could appropriately reduce the Al content, promote the formation of uniform and compact Al2O3 oxide film and effectively prevent oxygen from diffusing into the substrate and the Ti-Al-X coatings had lower brittleness and better plasticity than binary TiAl coatings. The high-entropy alloy high-temperature coating had many excellent properties and adjusting the content of one or several elements could further optimize the performance, so the application prospects are extremely broad. is the coatings were still in the laboratory research stage, because he unreasonable ratio and the negative reaction of the matrix to the cladding layer made the brittleness and mechanical properties of the high-entropy alloy fail to reach the theoretical effect and enter the real application stage. Finally, the development trend of laser cladding technology for preparing high-temperature coatings on the surface of titanium alloys is prospected. |
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