李垭焓,谭诚香,李梦瑶,田煜博,王然,张亚龙,王茜,张峻巍,张亮,叶风.激光熔覆铁基合金涂层的研究进展[J].表面技术,2024,53(6):11-27, 66.
LI Yahan,TAN Chengxiang,LI Mengyao,TIAN Yubo,WANG Ran,ZHANG Yalong,WANG Qian,ZHANG Junwei,ZHANG Liang,YE Feng.Research Progress of Laser-cladding Fe-based Alloy Coating[J].Surface Technology,2024,53(6):11-27, 66 |
| 激光熔覆铁基合金涂层的研究进展 |
| Research Progress of Laser-cladding Fe-based Alloy Coating |
| 投稿时间：2023-03-12 修订日期：2023-08-13 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.06.002 |
| 中文关键词: 激光熔覆 铁基涂层 研究进展 材料体系 工艺参数 外场辅助 |
| 英文关键词:laser cladding Fe-based coating research progress material system process parameter external field auxiliary |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51874091, 52101087);教育部产学合作协同育人项目(220607018162819);辽宁科技大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310146035) |
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| Author | Institution |
| LI Yahan | School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liaoning Anshan 114051, China |
| TAN Chengxiang | School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liaoning Anshan 114051, China |
| LI Mengyao | School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liaoning Anshan 114051, China |
| TIAN Yubo | School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liaoning Anshan 114051, China |
| WANG Ran | School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liaoning Anshan 114051, China |
| ZHANG Yalong | School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liaoning Anshan 114051, China |
| WANG Qian | School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liaoning Anshan 114051, China |
| ZHANG Junwei | School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liaoning Anshan 114051, China |
| ZHANG Liang | Fushun Longye Chemical Co., Ltd., Liaoning Fushun 113217, China |
| YE Feng | Shenyang Packaging Materials Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110033, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 激光熔覆技术作为一种先进的材料表面改性技术，具有加工效率高、涂层稀释率低且与基体结合强度高、自动化程度高、环境友好等优点。在各类熔覆材料中，铁基合金在成分上与钢铁材料最为接近，且其成本相对较低，近年来在设备零部件表面强化和再制造领域得到广泛应用。结合国内外最新相关研究成果，从材料体系、工艺参数、外场辅助技术等方面对激光熔覆铁基合金涂层的研究进展进行了综述。总结了熔覆材料的选材依据以及铁基自熔性合金粉末、不锈钢粉末、铁基非晶合金粉末、铁基复合粉末等各类材料的特点和应用。系统讨论了激光功率、扫描速度、光斑直径、送粉速率等工艺参数对铁基涂层成形质量和微观组织及性能的影响机制，并介绍了工艺参数优化在高质量熔覆层制备中的应用。同时，论述了超声振动、电磁场、温度场等外场辅助技术在激光熔覆铁基合金涂层中的应用，阐明了外加能场对激光熔覆过程中熔池及凝固组织的作用机理。最后对激光熔覆铁基合金涂层未来的发展方向进行了展望。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As an advanced material surface modification technology, laser cladding uses laser beam with high energy density as the heat resource. By melting and solidifying the cladding material and substrate surface rapidly and simultaneously, the cladding layer with specific properties can be prepared on the substrate. Compared with other technologies, laser cladding has the advantages of high processing efficiency, low dilution rate, high bonding strength with substrate, high degree of automation and environmental friendliness, thus it has been successfully applied in machining, transportation, petrochemical and other fields. Among all kinds of cladding materials, Fe-based alloys are most similar to steel materials in composition, and their cost is relatively low compared with that of Ni-based and Co-based alloys. In recent years, Fe-based alloys have been widely used in the fields of surface strengthening and remanufacturing of equipment parts. Based on the latest studies in China and abroad, the research progress of laser cladding Fe-based alloy coatings is reviewed from the aspects of material system, process parameter, and application of external field auxiliary technology. Cladding materials play a crucial role in the properties of the coatings. The compatibility, wettability, chemical composition, and physical property differences between the cladding materials and substrate materials should be fully considered on the basis of working condition and performance requirement for selection of cladding materials. The characteristics and applications of various materials including Fe-based self-fluxing alloy powder, stainless steel powder, amorphous alloy powder, and Fe-based composite powder are summarized. The process parameters during the laser cladding process also play a significant role in the deposition rate, forming quality, phase composition, microstructure, and comprehensive properties of the coatings. The effect mechanisms of process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, laser spot diameter, and powder feeding rate on the forming quality, microstructure, and properties of Fe-based coatings are systematically discussed. It is worth noting that actual laser cladding process is the interaction between multiple parameters, which can lead to a complex nonlinear relationship between the process parameters and quality of the cladding layers. Thus, the application of process parameter optimization in the preparation of high quality coatings is also introduced. Moreover, reasonable cladding material design and optimization of laser cladding process parameters can reduce the number of defects in the coating to a certain extent, but it is still difficult to completely eliminate the cracks in Fe-based coatings with high hardness. Meanwhile, the solidification characteristics of laser cladding through rapid heating and cooling can result in insufficient diffusion of elements in the molten pool, resulting in poor microstructure uniformity of the cladding layer, which ultimately affects its performance. Therefore, the applications of external field auxiliary technologies including ultrasonic vibration field, electromagnetic field, and temperature field in the laser cladding of Fe-based alloy coating are discussed in detail. The mechanism of external energy field on the melting pool and solidification structure during the laser cladding process is illustrated. Finally, the future development direction of laser cladding Fe-based alloy coating is prospected. |
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