张祎轩,刘涛,刘耀虎,刘杰,王健君.极地航行船舶防覆冰涂层研究进展[J].表面技术,2024,53(6):1-10.
ZHANG Yixuan,LIU Tao,LIU Yaohu,LIU Jie,WANG Jianjun.Research Progress on Anti-icing Coatings for Polar Ships[J].Surface Technology,2024,53(6):1-10 |
| 极地航行船舶防覆冰涂层研究进展 |
| Research Progress on Anti-icing Coatings for Polar Ships |
| 投稿时间：2023-03-29 修订日期：2023-10-23 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.06.001 |
| 中文关键词: 极地 船舶 防冰 涂层材料 冰黏附 |
| 英文关键词:polar ships anti-icing coating materials ice adhesion |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(52273220) |
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| Author | Institution |
| ZHANG Yixuan | Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China |
| LIU Tao | Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China |
| LIU Yaohu | Bureau of Frontier Sciences and Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China |
| LIU Jie | Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China |
| WANG Jianjun | Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 两极地区是未来重要的能源和资源基地。然而，极地长年低温多冰，极大限制了我国对两极地区的科学考察、商业航运和能源开发进程。因此，发展长效稳定的防覆冰技术是推进极地发展战略的关键。系统阐明了船舶在极地航行过程中面临的结冰困境，分析了船舶积冰的类型，总结了目前解决船舶覆冰问题的多种防除冰技术及发展现状，包括主动防除冰技术(机械除冰、超声导波除冰、加热除冰、化学熔融除冰等)和被动防覆冰涂层技术(气体润滑防覆冰涂层、液体润滑防覆冰涂层、“类液体”润滑防覆冰涂层、界面可控断裂防覆冰涂层等)，同时对各技术在极地船舶防冰应用中的优缺点和可行性进行了深入分析。展望了船舶装备对特种防冰涂层的关键需求，提出主、被动协同除冰技术是实现极地船舶防覆冰的重要策略。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The polar regions are strategically important for the sustainable development of the global economy due to their abundant natural resources and special geographical location. However, the prolonged low temperature and heavy icing in the polar regions have greatly restricted the process of scientific research, commercial shipping, and energy development. Therefore, the icing problem of various types of equipment has become a hot topic of research and the development of long-lasting and stable anti-icing technology is crucial to advancing the polar development strategy. The icing dilemma faced by ships during polar navigation was systematically expounded. Types of ice accretion on ships were analyzed according to the origin of ice. Various anti-icing technologies were summarized, including active anti-icing technologies (mechanical de-icing, ultrasonic de-icing, heating de-icing, chemical de-icing, etc.) and passive anti-icing coating technologies (gas lubrication, liquid lubrication, "liquid-like" lubrication, interface-controlled fracture, etc.). The gas lubrication is mainly composed of micro/nanocomposite structure in the surface and low surface energy hydrophobic layer, which effectively inhibits the icing process by reducing the attachment of water droplets. However, the disadvantage of it is liquid generally slipping into a hierarchical scale and adhering to the surface, resulting in the Cassie-Baxter state converting into the Wenzel state. Water freezing in the Wenzel state will cause mechanical interlocking forces and invalid deicing capabilities. Subsequently, the surface can be worn away after repeatedly de-icing. Although certain special structures have been proven to reduce the transition to the Wenzel state, the complex fabrication process is almost impossible to cover on a large scale. Liquid lubrication and "liquid-like" lubrication can greatly reduce the adhesion strength of ice on the solid surface by effectively reducing the strong physical interaction between ice and surface. Liquid lubrication is built through the overfilling lubricating liquid to the micro/nanopores substrate. Despite adhering within the substrate, lubrication becomes invalid over time by evaporation, erosion, and is contaminated. "Liquid-like" lubrication, covalently attached on one end of a flexible macromolecule onto a smooth substrate, determines the lubricating property. The high mobility and small intermolecular force of polymer enable it to function as a lubricating layer. "Liquid-like" lubrication has been considered a promising coating for its extreme uniformity, low adhesion, transparency, and safety. Interface-controlled fracture makes the crack nucleation and growth at the specific position of the interface quickly, accelerates the interface fracture process, and then makes the ice desorb quickly under the action of low shear stress. Under the action of shear stress, the interface between ice and substrate is not uniform, and macroscopic cracks are preferentially generated in the low shear modulus region. The cracks propagate rapidly, making the ice easier to break away from the substrate surface. The current development of anti-icing technologies in solving the icing problem is summarized. The feasibility of each technology to be applied in polar ships is discussed in depth according to their advantages and disadvantages. In the last section, the work emphasizes the key requirements for special anti-icing coatings for ship equipment, and the importance of active and passive cooperative de-icing strategies in polar ship protection technology is proposed. |
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