程梦颖,石拓,万乐,魏超,张荣伟,蔡家轩,袁德涛.环形束激光熔覆CuPb10Sn10减摩涂层组织性能调控[J].表面技术,2023,52(7):336-347.
CHENG Meng-ying,SHI Tuo,WAN Le,WEI Chao,ZHANG Rong-wei,CAI Jia-xuan,YUAN De-tao.Performance Regulation of Annular Laser Cladding CuPb10Sn10 Anti-friction Coating Microstructure[J].Surface Technology,2023,52(7):336-347 |
| 环形束激光熔覆CuPb10Sn10减摩涂层组织性能调控 |
| Performance Regulation of Annular Laser Cladding CuPb10Sn10 Anti-friction Coating Microstructure |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2023.07.031 |
| 中文关键词: 环形束激光 CuPb10Sn10 异质结合 显微组织 耐磨性能 减摩性能 |
| 英文关键词:annular laser CuPb10Sn10 heterojunction microstructure wear resistance antifriction performance |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(62173239) |
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| Author | Institution |
| CHENG Meng-ying | School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Jiangsu Suzhou 215000, China |
| SHI Tuo | School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215000, China |
| WAN Le | School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Jiangsu Suzhou 215000, China |
| WEI Chao | School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Jiangsu Suzhou 215000, China |
| ZHANG Rong-wei | School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Jiangsu Suzhou 215000, China |
| CAI Jia-xuan | School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Jiangsu Suzhou 215000, China |
| YUAN De-tao | School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Jiangsu Suzhou 215000, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 为了从原理上改良汽车关键零部件特定表面的减摩性能，提出环形激光熔覆高质量CuPb10Sn10铜合金异质涂层提升零部件耐磨减摩性能的方法。方法 设计单层熔覆、顶部重熔、逐层重熔3种制备方案，采用环形束激光熔覆技术在42CrMo钢表面制备熔覆层。分析试样的表面形貌、孔隙率、物相构成，并分析熔覆层–基材的结合强度及耐磨减摩效果。结果 基于环形激光熔覆单层熔覆层设计的逐层重熔和顶部重熔制备工艺方法均能在42CrMo钢表面实现厚1 mm减摩涂层的成功制备。单层熔覆在熔覆过程及环境参数改变范围内的质量提升效果有限，缺陷分布明显且难以控制;顶部重熔过程中热量分布特征导致的Marangoni效应未使熔覆质量实现有效优化，熔覆层内部孔洞、裂纹、热影响区(HAZ)等缺陷未显著减少;逐层重熔法制备的熔覆层质量大幅提升，制备过程显微组织变化过程为:不均匀网状分布–独立棒状分布–“芝麻”状分布，且发现“芝麻”状分布SPP(富铅第二相粒子)的减摩效果优于独立棒状分布SPP。熔覆层出现偏析分层，且凝固过程晶粒长大生成柱状枝晶。逐层重熔法制备的CuPb10Sn10熔覆层孔隙率不高于0.5%，摩擦因数较原始基材表面下降量可达75%。结论 实现了碳钢材料零部件表面高性能耐磨减摩涂层的成功制备，为汽车制造等工业零部件设计与生产提供了新的思路及工艺理论指导。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The latest research on quality improvement of cladding layers of refractory alloys mainly starts from the perspective of changing the powder ratio and testing the best parameters at present. In order to prepare high-quality and high-friction reduction performance CuPb10Sn10 cladding layers with practical application value, three different preparation methods were proposed from the perspective of improving the process based on the path principle generated by cladding defects, single-layer cladding method, top remelting method and layer-by-layer remelting method. The effect of remelting heat treatment on reducing cladding defects, phase distribution and friction reduction, and the effects of the three preparation methods on surface topography defects and porosity were analyzed. Based on ring laser cladding technology (LD), the laboratory’s self-made ring laser nozzle was adopted. According to the special energy distribution of the "saddle" type of annular laser, the principle of analysis and verification found that the annular spot had a promoting effect on the reduction of porosity during the cladding. The effects of different remelting power parameters and frequencies on the generation principle of three different types of surface defects and the pore escape path of different groups of samples were explored. Compared with the analysis on the surface quality, internal defects, shear strength and surface dry sliding friction coefficient of three groups of A, B and C, it was found that the increase in remelting power and the number of times were conducive to the increase of shear strength between the cladding layer and the substrate. This also reduced the internal porosity, with some group C samples even reaching 0.4%. Because the heat distribution of the layer-by-layer remelting method resulted in a more coherent level tension during the cladding, the cladding quality of the samples in Group C was optimal. The metallographic structure of the main three stages in preparation of the layer-by-layer remelting method was analyzed, and it was found that the phase distribution was gradually uniforming during the three stages, the growth trend of intergranular compounds was more obvious. The low melting point phases such as Pb and ε (Cu3Sn) were no longer in a clustered state. The segregation phenomenon that appeared made the low melting point phase gradually dense from the bottom to the top. It was also found that columnar dendrites appeared on the top of the solidified tissue, which was conducive to the improvement of friction reduction performance to a certain extent. After testing, it was found that the porosity of CuPb10Sn10 cladding layer prepared by the layer-by-layer remelting method was no higher than 0.5%. The friction coefficient of group C samples decreased by up to 75% compared with the surface of the original substrate, and the friction reduction effect was the best. Compared with the single-layer cladding method and the top remelting method proposed in this paper, the samples' surface and internal quality of layer-by-layer remelting method could be greatly improved, and the design of remelting heat treatment made great contributions to the improvement of sample shear strength and friction reduction effect. This paper provides inspiration for preventing and eliminating the defects of heterogeneous cladding, provides theoretical guidance for preparation of refractory alloy coatings, and successfully prepares high-quality anti-friction cladding layers. |
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