胡月,谭德强,丁昊昊,周韶博,刘佳朋,王文健,张银花,刘启跃.轮轨材料/硬度匹配研究进展与展望[J].表面技术,2023,52(2):107-121.
HU Yue,TAN De-qiang,DING Hao-hao,ZHOU Shao-bo,LIU Jia-peng,WANG Wen-jian,ZHANG Yin-hua,LIU Qi-yue.Research Progress and Prospect of Materials/Hardness Matching Behaviors of Wheel and Rail[J].Surface Technology,2023,52(2):107-121 |
| 轮轨材料/硬度匹配研究进展与展望 |
| Research Progress and Prospect of Materials/Hardness Matching Behaviors of Wheel and Rail |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2023.02.010 |
| 中文关键词: 轮轨 硬度匹配 磨损 微观组织 |
| 英文关键词:wheel and rail hardness matching wear microstructure |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51975489);牵引动力国家重点实验室自主研究课题(2022TPL-T04);四川省国际科技创新合作项目(2023YFH0023);四川省重点研发项目(2023YFG0213) |
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| Author | Institution |
| HU Yue | Aviation Engineering College, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Sichuan Guanghan 618307, China |
| TAN De-qiang | Aviation Engineering College, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Sichuan Guanghan 618307, China |
| DING Hao-hao | Tribology Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China |
| ZHOU Shao-bo | Institute of Metals and Chemistry, China Railway Science Research Institute Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China |
| LIU Jia-peng | Institute of Metals and Chemistry, China Railway Science Research Institute Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China |
| WANG Wen-jian | Tribology Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China |
| ZHANG Yin-hua | Institute of Metals and Chemistry, China Railway Science Research Institute Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China |
| LIU Qi-yue | Tribology Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 车轮与钢轨硬度是影响轮轨磨损的主要因素之一，合理的轮轨材料与硬度匹配对于减轻轮轨磨损、延长服役寿命具有十分关键的作用。当前我国铁路运营过程中存在2种硬度钢轨匹配4种硬度车轮的现象，材料匹配行为复杂。针对铁路轮轨材料和硬度的选用与匹配，至今尚无统一合理的规定与标准。从轮轨材料硬度出发，首先分析了国内外轮轨材料发展与硬度匹配的使用现状，发现不同国家和地区轮轨材料硬度的选用存在较大差异。具体表现为:日本新干线使用的车轮硬度远高于钢轨(HR/HW<1)，欧洲高速铁路上HR/HW值接近1，而中国高速铁路系统中，轮轨种类多，硬度区间大。其次，总结了轮轨硬度匹配研究进展，明确材料硬度和轨轮硬度比(HR/HW)对磨损与滚动接触疲劳损伤都具有显著影响，但并没有形成统一的结论，且以往的材料选用经验并不完全适用于当前的铁路系统。然后，针对现阶段轮轨材料与硬度匹配研究，探讨了材料加工硬化、合金钢微观组织、表面热处理工艺、复杂服役环境与车轮运行参数等因素的潜在影响。最后，提出了以建立统一合理的实验标准与评价体系为前提，开展复杂服役工况下高速和重载轮轨材料损伤行为与失效机制研究，轮轨材料硬度/韧性最佳匹配行为与选配原则研究，以及轮轨磨损规律与服役寿命预测方法研究等未来研究趋势的展望。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The hardness of wheel and rail is one of the main factors that affect the wear of wheel/rail friction pairs. An optimal hardness matching of wheel and rail could play a vital role in reducing the wear and prolonging the service life of wheel and rail. However, at present, there are two kinds of rails matching four kinds of wheels with various hardness in Chinese railway operation, and the material matching behavior becomes complicated. However, regarding the selection and matching of materials and hardness of railway wheel and rail, no uniform and reasonable regulations and standards have been established so far. Besides, with the development of high-speed and heavy-haul railway in China, new damage response has occurred on wheel and rail, which has greatly increased the frequency of wheel repairs, while rail damage behaves slight. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on hardness matching of wheel and rail systematically. First, the application situation of wheel and rail materials and their hardness matching across various countries were compared and analyzed in the present work. Through increasing the carbon content, alloying, and heat treatment etc. to refine the pearlite structure, rail materials with good mechanical properties have been developed. The hardness of the R400HT rail can be increased to 400-440HB. Comparing the microstructure of Chinese standard and heat-treated wheel/rail materials, it was found that the hardness and strength increase with the decrease of the ferrite content of wheel and the decrease of the pearlitic lamella spacing of rail. In addition, it is totally different in the selection of wheel and rail materials and hardness in different countries and regions. Specifically, the wheel hardness used in Japan is much higher than rail hardness (HR/HW<1), and the HR/HW value on high-speed railways in Europe is close to 1, while in Chinese high-speed railway, there are many types of wheels and rails with a large hardness range. Secondly, the research progress of hardness matching behaviors of wheel and rail was summarized. Hardness and rail/wheel hardness ratio (HR/HW) definitely have significant effects on wear and rolling contact fatigue damage. Increasing the hardness of the wheels/rails can effectively reduce their wear loss, however, no unified theory has been formed for the impact on the matched rails/wheels. Meanwhile, the results of the optimal wheel/rail hardness matching behavior cannot be intuitively compared, and the previous experience of material selection has not fully applicable to the current railway system, neither. Next, in view of the current hardness matching research of wheel and rail, the potential effects of factors such as work hardening, material microstructure, surface heat treatment process, complex service environment, operating parameters, and other factors (the frequency of wheel/rail, rolling direction, driving and braking conditions, etc.) were discussed. The influence of these factors on the damage and hardness matching behavior of wheel/rail is to affect the work hardening and microstructure by changing the plastic deformation. However, the mechanism of work hardening and microstructure evolution of wheel/rail materials during rolling contact is still unclear. Finally, some prospects for further research were proposed, including establishing a unified and reasonable experimental standard and evaluation system, carrying out the damage behaviors and failure mechanism of high-speed and heavy-haul wheel/rail materials under complex service conditions, research on optimal hardness/toughness matching behaviors and principles and study in high-speed wheel/rail wear law and service life prediction method. |
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