王均帅,武帅,郑婕,杨波,魏强,胡宁.黑磷的力学及摩擦学性能研究进展[J].表面技术,2023,52(2):88-106.
WANG Jun-shuai,WU Shuai,ZHENG Jie,YANG Bo,WEI Qiang,HU Ning.Advances in Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Black Phosphorus[J].Surface Technology,2023,52(2):88-106 |
| 黑磷的力学及摩擦学性能研究进展 |
| Advances in Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Black Phosphorus |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2023.02.009 |
| 中文关键词: 黑磷 力学 摩擦学 泊松比 各向异性 超润滑 |
| 英文关键词:black phosphorus mechanics tribology Poisson's ratio anisotropy superlubricity |
| 基金项目:河北省自然科学基金(E2021202008);国家自然科学基金(52005151，81873316，51873146，11632004，U1864208);清华大学摩擦学国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLTKF20B03);国家科技重大专项(2017-VII-0011-0106);河北省自然科学基金创新群体研究项目(A2020202002)，河北省重点研发计划(202030507040009);天津市自然科学基金重点项目(S20ZDF077);天津市科技计划项目(20ZYJDJC00030) |
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| Author | Institution |
| WANG Jun-shuai | School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China |
| WU Shuai | School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China |
| ZHENG Jie | School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China |
| YANG Bo | School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China |
| WEI Qiang | School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence Electrical Equipment, Tianjin 300130, China |
| HU Ning | School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence Electrical Equipment, Tianjin 300130, China;National Engineering Research Center for Technological Innovation Method and Tool, Tianjin 300401, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 归纳了黑磷在力学和摩擦学方面的理论计算和实验研究进展，重点总结了黑磷因其独特的褶皱结构而导致的负泊松比及力学性质的各向异性，关注了厚度、缺陷、预应变以及环境降解等因素对其力学性能的影响。黑磷优异的力学性能为运动传感器、柔性器件、安全装备以及微机电系统等的设计与开发提供了新的选择。应变以及缺陷对其力学性能的调控可以为黑磷的应用推广提供新的思路。大气环境条件下，黑磷的表面降解是阻碍其应用的一大瓶颈，但其化学活性可以在摩擦学领域中加以利用，实现超润滑。同时重点概述了近年来对黑磷的微观摩擦学研究，主要集中在黑磷摩擦性能的各向异性、厚度和载荷的影响，以及表面降解对润滑的贡献。黑磷纳米片、黑磷量子点等纳米材料在油基润滑、水基润滑以及聚合物复合材料方面的摩擦学研究表明，高载下黑磷的润滑性能优异，有望推动工程领域超润滑的实现。最后，对二维纳米材料黑磷未来的研究与发展做了进一步的展望。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this paper, the theoretical calculation and experimental research progress in mechanics and tribology of new two-dimensional layered black phosphorus materials were summarized. The future research and development of layered black phosphorus materials were also prospected. The focus was put on the negative Poisson's ratio and anisotropy of mechanical properties caused by the unique fold structure of black phosphorus. The effects of thickness, defect, pre-strain and environmental degradation on its mechanical properties were summarized. The research status of black phosphorus in tribology was summarized. The unique mechanical properties of black phosphorus materials were described from two aspects. Firstly, the negative Poisson's ratio characteristics of black phosphorus materials were confirmed through both theoretical calculation and experimental observation, which suggested the application of black phosphorus materials in fasteners, composite materials and national defense equipment. Secondly, the atomic structure with strong in-plane anisotropy of layered black phosphorus resulted in the anisotropy of mechanical properties, including the in-plane Young's modulus, tensile strength and critical strain. In advanced micro devices and integrated systems, crystal and mechanical anisotropy would promote applications in nanomechanical resonators, thermoelectric devices and motion sensors with adjustable functions that cannot be achieved with isotropic materials. In addition, the factors affecting the mechanical properties of black phosphorus were summarized, including thickness dependence of the structural properties of black phosphorus, the effects of different defects on its mechanical properties, the control of mechanical properties of black phosphorus by pre-strain, and the hindrance of environmental factors on the further development of black phosphorus devices. The research of black phosphorus in tribology was summarized from two aspects:microtribology and macrotribology. The microtribological studies of black phosphorus mainly focused on the anisotropy of tribological properties of black phosphorus, the effects of thickness and load on tribological properties, and the contribution of surface degradation to the lubrication. It was proved that the frictional anisotropy was caused by the coupling effect of the folded-structure of monolayer black phosphorus and the heterogeneous interaction between substrate and sample. The effect of layer numbers and applied load on its surface friction tests using AFM were summarized. The surface degradation of black phosphorus was considered as a major bottleneck for its application under environmental conditions; while its chemical activity could be made use of in tribology to achieve superlubricity. During the degradation of black phosphorus in ambient conditions, the strong interaction between few-layered black phosphorus and the water molecules favored the lower surface adhesion as well as lower interfacial shear stress between the layered black phosphorus and silicon dioxide wafer. The experimental research showed that the black phosphorus nanosheets, black phosphorus quantum dots and nanocomposites in oil-based lubricant as well as water-based lubricant could exhibit lower friction coefficient below 0.001 and better wear reduction property compared with other nanomaterial additives. The addition of black phosphorus nanoparticles to polymer matrix also enhanced the wear resistance of the produced composites. In particular, the excellent lubrication property of black phosphorus additives under extreme load of over 1.0 GPa was expected to promote the realization of superlubricity in the engineering field. At present, both the research area and application filed of black phosphorus are still expanding, and more basic problems need to be explored. However, the regulation of mechanical properties of black phosphorus and its application in different environment still meets great challenge. Compared with the performance of black phosphorus in liquid lubrication, the basic research and practical application of black phosphorus as a solid lubricant is still lack of systematic research, and its advantages in mechanical and tribological properties need to be fully utilized and developed. |
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