王昕阳,刘谦,任海滔,李湛,许诠,黄燕滨,郭一鸣.钛元素含量对CoCrFeNiTi高熵合金涂层硬度及耐磨性能的影响[J].表面技术,2023,52(1):47-55.
WANG Xin-yang,LIU Qian,REN Hai-tao,LI Zhan,XU Quan,HUANG Yan-bin,GUO Yi-ming.Effects of Ti Content on Hardness and Wear Resistance of CoCrFeNiTi High-entropy Alloy Coatings[J].Surface Technology,2023,52(1):47-55 |
| 钛元素含量对CoCrFeNiTi高熵合金涂层硬度及耐磨性能的影响 |
| Effects of Ti Content on Hardness and Wear Resistance of CoCrFeNiTi High-entropy Alloy Coatings |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2023.01.005 |
| 中文关键词: 激光熔覆 高熵合金涂层 第一性原理 显微硬度 耐磨性能 |
| 英文关键词:laser cladding high entropy alloy coating first-principles calculation microhardness wear resistance |
| 基金项目: |
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| Author | Institution |
| WANG Xin-yang | National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Beijing 100072, China |
| LIU Qian | National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Beijing 100072, China |
| REN Hai-tao | Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, Henan Luoyang 471039, China |
| LI Zhan | Shaanxi Huaqin Technology Industry Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710117, China |
| XU Quan | China Satellite Maritime Measurement and Control Department, Jiangsu Jiangyin 214431, China |
| HUANG Yan-bin | National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Beijing 100072, China |
| GUO Yi-ming | National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Beijing 100072, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 系统研究钛元素含量对CoCrFeNiTi系高熵合金涂层成形过程、组织性能、力学性能和耐磨性能的影响，设计并制备工业应用价值较高的合金涂层。方法 采用激光熔覆技术在Q235钢上制备了CoCrFeNiTi高熵合金涂层，基于第一性原理预测了不同Ti元素涂层力学、形成特性，研究表征了涂层的显微组织、显微硬度和耐磨性能，结合试验和计算阐明了耐磨性能强化机制。结果 CoCrFeNiTi高熵合金固溶体相剪切模量较高，形成能较低，并且随着Ti元素含量的提升，两者逐渐升高。试验结果证明，CoCrFeNiTi涂层整体为FCC固溶体相，高钛元素组会出现FeCr相、NiTi相和CoTi相组成。组织呈典型树枝晶状，枝晶区域富含Fe和Cr元素，枝晶间区域富含Ni和Ti元素。随着Ti元素含量的提高，CoCrFeNiTi涂层的显微硬度逐渐增加，摩擦因数、磨损率和磨损质量不断降低，耐磨损能力明显增强，试验与计算结果一致。其磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损，Ti元素含量较低组还伴随着黏着磨损。Ti元素含量提高会加剧合金内晶格畸变效应，促进σ相等硬质相析出，产生固溶强化与析出强化作用，阻碍裂纹发展，磨损面积较小，提高耐磨性能。结论 随着钛元素含量的增加，CoCrFeNiTi高熵合金涂层的硬度和耐磨性能有了明显的提升。CoCrFeNiTi0.7激光熔覆涂层具有更高的工业应用价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are composed of five or more elements with an atomic percentage between 5% and 35%, and their corresponding coatings with excellent performance and strong adaptability can be prepared by laser cladding technology. Laser cladding technologies can reduce the cost and increase the value of the HEAs for industrial applications. First-principles calculations are based on density functional theory (DFT) and are widely used in material research. Recently, this method also has been applied to predict the properties and analyze the mechanisms of HEAs, especially in the strengthening mechanisms of mechanical properties and wear resistance, which can reduce uncertainties and improve the efficiency in the development of HEA systems. With the above methods, High-entropy alloy laser cladding coatings with high industrial application value can be designed and synthesized by considering the effects of Ti content on the microstructure and properties of the coatings. In this paper, CoCrFeNiTix HEA coatings were prepared on the surface of the Q235 steel by laser cladding technology. The models of CoCrFeNiTix HEA face-centered cubic (FCC) structure solid solutions were constructed By the special quasi-random structure (SQS) method and the mechanics and formation properties of the alloys with different Ti contents were predicted through first-principle calculations. The microstructure, microhardness, and wear resistance of the coatings were characterized and studied. The strengthening mechanism of wear resistance was elucidated by experiment and first-principles calculations. The calculation results showed that the solid solution phases of CoCrFeNiTi HEAs had high shear modulus and low formation energy, and their shear modulus and formation energy gradually increased and the phase stability of FCC solid solution decreased with increasing Ti content. The experimental results indicated that CoCrFeNiTi0.1 adopts an FCC phase, CoCrFeNiTi0.3 exhibits an FCC phase and a tetragonal FeCr phase, and CoCrFeNiTi0.5 adopts an FCC phase, a tetragonal FeCr phase, and a rhombohedral NiTi phase. The FCC phase, tetragonal FeCr phase, rhombohedral NiTi phase, and hexagonal CoTi phase are all observed in the CoCrFeNiTi0.7 HEA. CoCrFeNiTix HEAs exhibited a dendritic structure, in which Ni and Ti were enriched in the interdendritic regions, and Cr and Fe were centered in the dendrites. With increasing Ti content, the dendrite spacing of the alloy decreases, the secondary dendrite arm is more developed, and the element segregation phenomenon is alleviated, the microhardness gradually increased, the friction coefficient, wear rate, and mass loss continued to decrease, and the wear resistance increased significantly, which was consistent with the calculation results. The main wear mechanism of the coatings was abrasive wear, accompanied by partial adhesive wear in the alloys with low content of Ti. The increase in Ti content aggravated the lattice distortion and promoted the precipitation of hard phases (such as σ-phase), thus enhancing solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening, hindering the development of cracks, increasing the resistance of dislocation motion and the slip difficulty, and improving the comprehensive wear resistance, with the small wear area. The hardness and wear resistance of the CoCrFeNiTix HEA coatings were significantly improved with increasing Ti content. The CoCrFeNiTi0.7 laser cladding coating exhibited a great industrial application value. |
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