马世忠,孙荣禄,牛伟,张连旺,蒋廷普,杨佳伟.退火对激光熔覆CoCrFeNiW0.6高熵合金涂层组织与性能的影响[J].表面技术,2023,52(1):38-46.
MA Shi-zhong,SUN Rong-lu,NIU Wei,ZHANG Lian-wang,JIANG Ting-pu,YANG Jia-wei.Effect of Annealing on Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladding CoCrFeNiW0.6 High Entropy Alloy Coating[J].Surface Technology,2023,52(1):38-46 |
| 退火对激光熔覆CoCrFeNiW0.6高熵合金涂层组织与性能的影响 |
| Effect of Annealing on Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladding CoCrFeNiW0.6 High Entropy Alloy Coating |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2023.01.004 |
| 中文关键词: 激光熔覆 高熵合金 退火 微观组织 显微硬度 摩擦磨损性能 |
| 英文关键词:laser cladding high entropy alloy annealing microstructure microhardness friction and wear properties |
| 基金项目: |
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| Author | Institution |
| MA Shi-zhong | School of Mechanical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China |
| SUN Rong-lu | School of Mechanical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Mechatronics Equipment Technology, Tianjin 300387, China |
| NIU Wei | School of Mechanical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Mechatronics Equipment Technology, Tianjin 300387, China |
| ZHANG Lian-wang | School of Mechanical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China |
| JIANG Ting-pu | School of Mechanical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China |
| YANG Jia-wei | School of Mechanical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 通过对激光熔覆CoCrFeNiW0.6高熵合金涂层进行退火处理，使涂层性能得到进一步提高。方法 采用RFL–C1000光纤激光器在45钢表面制备CoCrFeNiW0.6高熵合金涂层，通过SXL–1200管式电阻炉在不同温度下(600、800、1 000 ℃)对高熵合金涂层进行退火处理，保温时间为2 h，冷却方式为随炉冷却。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等对熔覆层的微观组织、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行分析和测试。结果 CoCrFeNiW0.6高熵合金涂层由FCC相和μ相(Fe7W6)组成，经过不同温度退火处理后，涂层未析出新的相，μ相衍射峰强度呈先减小后增大的趋势;涂层组织经高温退火(800 ℃、1 000 ℃，2 h)后发生了明显的改变，经800 ℃/2 h退火处理后，枝晶间析出了大量μ相沉淀，经1 000 ℃/2 h退火处理后晶界开始出现断裂分解，晶粒内部和晶界部位析出了大量的富W颗粒相(μ 相)。经1 000 ℃/2 h退火处理后，熔覆层具有较高的平均显微硬度，为475.68HV0.3，相较于未经退火处理的熔覆层，其硬度提高了约45%;经600 ℃/2 h退火处理后，涂层的平均摩擦因数最低，约为0.226，磨损量最小，与未经退火处理的涂层相比，其磨损量降低了约28%。退火温度的升高并未使磨损机制发生明显改变，主要为磨粒磨损。结论 高温退火处理可以促进μ相的生成;经退火后，CoCrFeNiW0.6高熵合金涂层的硬度得到显著提高，改善了涂层的摩擦磨损性能，强化机制为固溶强化和第二相强化。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to further improve the properties of laser cladding CoCrFeNiW0.6 high entropy alloy coating by annealing treatment. RFL-C1000 fiber laser was used to prepare CoCrFeNiW0.6 high entropy alloy coating on the surface of 45# steel. The high entropy alloy coating was annealed at different temperature by SXL-1200 tubular resistance furnace. The processing temperature was 600 ℃, 800 ℃ and 1 000 ℃, and the holding time was 2 h. D8 X-ray diffrotometer (XRD), GeminiSEM 500 thermal field emission scanning electron microscope (FSEM), X-ray energy spectrometer (EDS), HV1000Z microhardness tester, M-2000 friction and wear testing machine, etc. were adopted to analyze and test the microstructure, microhardness and friction and wear properties of the coating. The CoCrFeNiW0.6 high entropy alloy coating was composed of FCC phase and μ phase (Fe7W6), and no new phase was precipitated after annealing at different temperature. After annealing at 600 ℃ for 2 h, the increase of temperature provided energy for atomic diffusion, and the lattice structure defects were alleviated, so that the W atoms further diffused into the solid solution lattice, resulting in lattice distortion, increase of lattice constant and decrease of μ phase volume fraction and μ phase diffraction peak intensity. After annealing at 800 ℃ and 1 000 ℃ for 2 h, W atoms in the solid solution were precipitated as μ-phase compounds, the content of W element in the solid solution decreased, the lattice constant decreased, the volume fraction of μ-phase increased, and the intensity of μ-phase diffraction peak increased. After annealing at 800 ℃ and 1 000 ℃ for 2 h, the microstructure of the coating changed obviously. After annealing at 800 ℃ for 2 h, a large amount of μ phases were precipitated in the microstructure of the coating, and the annealing at 1 000 ℃ for 2 h caused the grain boundary to fracture and decompose, and a large amount of W-rich particles (μ phase) appeared in the grain interior and grain boundary. After annealing at 1 000 ℃ for 2 h, the cladding coating had the highest average microhardness of 475.68HV0.3, which was 45% higher than that of the cladding coating without annealing treatment. The hardness of the heat affected zone tended to be stable and was close to the hardness of the substrate after annealing. In the process of friction and wear, the shedding of μ-phase hard particles aggravated the micro-cutting effect of the grinding wheel on the cladding coating and affected the friction and wear properties of the coating. After annealing at 600 ℃ for 2 h, the average friction coefficient of the coating was the lowest, about 0.226, and the wear mass loss was the least. Compared with the coating without annealing treatment, the wear mass loss was reduced by 28%, and the friction and wear properties of the coating were the best. The increase of annealing temperature did not change the wear mechanism of the coating obviously. After annealing treatment, the furrow shape wear marks on the worn surface became shallower, and a lot of flake small debris appeared, which was dominated by abrasive wear. High temperature annealing can promote the formation of μ phase. After annealing, the hardness of CoCrFeNiW0.6 high entropy alloy coating is significantly improved, and the friction and wear properties of the coating are improved. The strengthening mechanism is solid solution strengthening and second phase strengthening. |
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