宋晨晨,严新锐,张子傲,邸腾达,马广义,牛方勇,吴东江.功能梯度材料制备技术研究进展[J].表面技术,2022,51(12):20-38.
SONG Chen-chen,YAN Xin-rui,ZHANG Zi-ao,DI Teng-da,MA Guang-yi,NIU Fang-yong,WU Dong-jiang.Research Progress in Manufacturing Technology of Functionally Graded Materials[J].Surface Technology,2022,51(12):20-38 |
| 功能梯度材料制备技术研究进展 |
| Research Progress in Manufacturing Technology of Functionally Graded Materials |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2022.12.002 |
| 中文关键词: 功能梯度材料 微观组织 梯度界面 金属/金属 金属/陶瓷 |
| 英文关键词:functionally graded materials microstructure gradient interface metal/metal metal/ceramic |
| 基金项目:中国高校基本科研业务费资助(DUT21YG116);国家自然科学基金(52175291) |
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| Author | Institution |
| SONG Chen-chen | Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Dalian 116024, China |
| YAN Xin-rui | Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Dalian 116024, China |
| ZHANG Zi-ao | Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Dalian 116024, China |
| DI Teng-da | Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Dalian 116024, China |
| MA Guang-yi | Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Dalian 116024, China |
| NIU Fang-yong | Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Dalian 116024, China |
| WU Dong-jiang | Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Dalian 116024, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 航空航天、能源动力等领域高端装备对零部件在多元苛刻环境下的服役性能提出了极高要求，而功能梯度材料作为一种以功能、性能驱动为基础的先进材料，打破了原本耦合在一起的材料性能，允许其中一个或多个性能单独改善，并且使得关键零部件在不同部位具有不同功能与性能成为可能，目前已经展示出了极强的发展潜力。首先介绍了功能梯度材料的梯度特性以及优势，并概述了功能梯度材料的发展情况。其次探讨了目前常用的几种梯度制备技术，主要包括气相沉积、热喷涂、激光增材制造、粉末冶金以及离心铸造等，并针对目前研究热度较高的金属/金属、金属/陶瓷类梯度材料的研究进展进行了总结。最后指出了目前功能梯度材料制备中尚存的关键问题，并对功能梯度材料研究进行了展望。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Advanced equipment in aerospace, energy power and other fields puts forward high requirements for the service performance of components in the multiple extreme harsh environment. Functionally graded material, as an advanced material based on function and performance drive, breaks the material performance originally coupled together, allows one or more of them to be improved alone, and makes it possible for key components to have different functions and performances at different locations. At present, it has shown a strong development potential and a wide range of applications. In the aerospace field, it works for things such as rocket engine combustors, nozzles, reflectors, solar panels, turbine disks, and space shuttle heat insulation tiles; It's used in automotive components such as diesel engine pistons, cylinder liners, combustion chambers, race car brakes, drive shafts and flywheels; In the medical field, the pore gradient structure can be prepared according to the actual bone degree of the patient to realize the customization of the elastic modulus, which can eliminate the long-standing problems of stress shielding, poor interface bonding between the host tissue and the implant, and bone loss caused by wear; In the mechanical manufacturing field, gradient gears or tools can be prepared to greatly improve the friction and wear performance of the wear surface. This paper first introduced the gradient characteristics and advantages of functionally graded material, and summarizes the development of functional graded materials. Secondly, several commonly used preparation technologies of graded materials were discussed, including vapor deposition, thermal spraying, laser additive manufacturing, powder metallurgy and centrifugal casting. The current research progress of metal / metal and metal / ceramic graded materials with high research heat was summarized. Due to its unique technical characteristics, laser additive manufacturing technology has promoted the design and preparation of functionally graded materials, and promoted the development of gradient materials. At present, some gradient path design methods and microstructure control methods have been preliminarily proposed in terms of the connection of different gradient materials, and the mechanism of melting behavior of each material system has been studied. In the future, more effective studies on the composition and morphology of the gradient interface can be carried out to further study the formation and regulation mechanism of the gradient interface, so as to realize the application of functional gradient materials in more material systems. Finally, the key problems in the preparation of functional graded materials were pointed out, which were formation of intermetallic compounds, thermal-physical parameter mismatch and variation of dilution rates. How to solve the above problems is crucial for the development of gradient materials. In terms of the microstructure regulation of intermetallic compounds, thermodynamic model simulation can be used to find the optimal path in the space of different components to construct the gradient transition path, so as to effectively avoid intermetallic compounds. In terms of thermophysical parameter regulation, the transition can be carried out by setting the intermediate composite components, eliminating the sharp gradient interface, realizing the smooth transition of the material structure and elements, and then reducing the thermal stress. On the one hand, the adjustment of dilution rate should control the material composition of the transition layer on both sides of the binding interface. On the other hand, different process parameters should be optimized for different transition layer materials, and the two aspects should be combined to achieve the adjustment of dilution rate. |
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