郭乐扬,阮海妮,李文戈,高原,姜涛,刘彦伯,吴新锋,赵远涛.船舶减阻表面工程技术研究进展[J].表面技术,2022,51(9):53-64, 73.
GUO Le-yang,RUAN Hai-ni,LI Wen-ge,GAO Yuan,JIANG Tao,LIU Yan-bo,WU Xin-feng,ZHAO Yuan-tao.Research Progress of Surface Engineering Technology for Ship Drag Reduction[J].Surface Technology,2022,51(9):53-64, 73 |
| 船舶减阻表面工程技术研究进展 |
| Research Progress of Surface Engineering Technology for Ship Drag Reduction |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2022.09.005 |
| 中文关键词: 仿生结构 柔性壁 超疏水 防污涂层 船舶减阻 |
| 英文关键词:bionic structure flexible coating super hydrophobic antifouling coating ship drag reduction |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(52072236);上海市科技计划(20DZ2252300);上海高水平地方高校创新团队(海事安全与保障);国家自然科学基金青年项目(52002242) |
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| Author | Institution |
| GUO Le-yang | Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China |
| RUAN Hai-ni | Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China |
| LI Wen-ge | Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China |
| GAO Yuan | Shanghai MORFANT New Material Technology Co., LTD, Shanghai 201505, China |
| JIANG Tao | Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China |
| LIU Yan-bo | Shanghai Nano Technology and Industry Development Promotion Center, Shanghai 200237, China |
| WU Xin-feng | Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China |
| ZHAO Yuan-tao | Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 船舶减阻是实现船舶节能减排，构建绿色低碳船舶的关键。船舶被动减阻方法主要有仿生结构减阻、柔性壁减阻、超疏水表面减阻、防污涂层减阻等。按机理将被动减阻方法细分为结构型和物理化学型减阻，结构型减阻是模仿自然界水下生物表面结构以达到减阻效果;物理化学型减阻是赋予表面一定特点，如柔性、超疏水性、防污性等，以通过减少表面摩擦阻力、提高边界稳定性、减轻自重等方式达到船舶减阻的目的。结构型减阻表面构建方法主要有走丝线切割技术(EDM)、滚压成型技术、压印法、浇筑翻模法、涂料喷涂加工技术、激光刻蚀法、三维打印法等;物理化学型减阻表面构建方法主要有涂料喷涂加工技术、旋涂法、化学腐蚀法、溶胶–凝胶法、电化学沉积、静电纺丝、相分离、等离子体处理等。针对以上减阻技术研究现状进行综述，主要从微观机理出发，总结现有文献中制备船舶减阻表面的技术以及存在的问题，并提出多种减阻方法协同作用解决现有问题，指明船舶减阻技术的发展趋势，为船舶减阻技术的研究与应用提供指导。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Drag reduction of ship is the key to realize energy saving, emission reduction and green low-carbon ship building. Ship drag reduction methods can be divided into active drag reduction and passive drag reduction. The former mainly includes ship structure optimization design, polymer drag reduction, air curtain drag reduction and so on. Active drag reduction reduce drag by optimizing the design of the ship, adding polymers or bubble curtains to the fluid. Passive drag reduction methods are more varied, which include bionic structure, flexible coating, super hydrophobic coating and antifouling coating. According to the mechanism, ship drag reduction is divided into structural type and physicochemical type in the paper. Structural drag reduction achieves the drag reduction by biomimetic construction of aquatic surface structures (such as shark skin and fish scales). The main types of biomimetic texture include pits, grooves, convex hull, ripples, scales and composite types. Physicochemical drag reduction gives the surface certain characteristics such as flexibility, super hydrophobicity, antifouling, etc. It achieves the purpose of drag reduction by reducing surface friction resistance, improving boundary stability and reducing dead weight. The construction methods of structural drag reduction surface mainly include wire cutting technology (EDM), rolling forming technology, embossing method, casting and turning method, coating spraying processing technology, laser etching method, three-dimensional printing method, etc. The construction methods of physicochemical drag reduction surface mainly include coating spraying processing technology, spinning coating method, chemical corrosion method, sol-gel method, electrochemical deposition, electrospinning, phase separation, plasma treatment and so on. In recent years, the research achievements of active drag reduction methods are relatively mature. The research on passive drag reduction methods is also increasing, but the research on passive drag reduction methods mainly focuses on drag reduction mechanism, drag reduction construction method and drag reduction effect simulation. The simulation and field experiment of passive drag reduction method and the research on the cooperative mechanism of multiple drag reduction methods are still lacking. Both the structural drag reduction surface and the physicochemical drag reduction surface have been proved to be effective in reducing drag. However, the single drag reduction mechanism will have unavoidable defects and bottlenecks. For example, in biomimetic structures, it is difficult to greatly improve drag reduction by simply changing the shape and distribution of grooves. The synergistic effect of structural drag reduction and physicochemical drag reduction has been proved to break through the limitations of the single drag reduction theory. The drag reduction efficiency of the synergistic effect is greater than that of the simple structural drag reduction, and the maximum drag reduction efficiency is even 50%, which can better achieve the ship drag reduction. Based on these, the research status of above drag reduction technology is reviewed in this paper. The mechanism and construction method of drag reduction, as well as the problems and poor effect of single drag reduction method are summarized. The synergy of various drag reduction methods are put forward to solve the existing problems. Finally, the development trend of ship drag reduction technology is indicated, which guide the research and application of ship drag reduction. |
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