卢健,隋欣梦,郝胜智,王慧慧.锂离子电池用石墨负极材料改性研究进展[J].表面技术,2022,51(8):135-145.
LU Jian,SUI Xin-meng,HAO Sheng-zhi,WANG Hui-hui.Modification of Graphite Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries[J].Surface Technology,2022,51(8):135-145 |
| 锂离子电池用石墨负极材料改性研究进展 |
| Modification of Graphite Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries |
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| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2022.08.011 |
| 中文关键词: 锂离子电池 负极材料 石墨 表面改性 结构调控 |
| 英文关键词:lithium-ion batteries anode graphite surface modification structural regulation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(11975002，51471043);辽宁省博士科研启动基金(2019–BS–011) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 石墨是目前商业化锂离子电池应用最广的负极材料，日益增长的市场需求对石墨负极材料的储锂性能提出了更高的要求。概述了锂离子电池的工作原理和石墨嵌锂机制，针对石墨负极材料理论比容量(372 mA.h/g)较低和电解液兼容性较差等问题，总结了近年来石墨负极材料的改性手段，主要分为表面改性和结构调控等2类，其中表面改性技术包括氧化和卤化处理，特点是通过调控界面化学性质，可增强石墨结构的稳定性，促进稳定SEI膜的形成，但对于石墨储锂容量的提升非常有限;结构调控包括剥层法和缺陷构筑法，特点是通过扩大石墨层间距、降低石墨维度及在石墨结构上构筑缺陷，从而增加锂离子的活性位点，提供更多锂离子扩散通道，缓解循环过程中的体积变化，改善石墨与电解液的相容性，显著提升石墨的储锂性能。最后对石墨负极材料的未来发展趋势进行了展望。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Graphite is currently the most widely used anode material for lithium-ion batteries, and the growing market demand has put forward higher requirements for the lithium storage performance of graphite anode materials. In this paper, the working principle of lithium-ion batteries and the mechanism of graphite lithium intercalation are summarized. In view of the problems of low theoretical specific capacity (372 mA.h/g) and poor electrolyte compatibility of graphite anode materials, the modification methods of graphite anode materials in recent years are summarized. It is mainly divided into two categories:surface modification and structure regulation, in which the surface modification technology includes oxidation and halogenation treatment, featuring on adjusting the chemical properties of the interface, so that the modified graphite anode material takes into account the advantages of the internal graphite itself and good electrolyte compatibility on the surface, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of undesirable results such as graphite volume expansion, exfoliation and pulverization, and improve the first cycle coulomb efficiency and working stability of graphite anode materials. However, surface coating can only reduce the irreversible capacity loss, and cannot effectively enhance the lithium storage capacity of anode materials. The structure regulation includes exfoliation method and defect construction, which is characterized by expanding the graphite layer spacing, reducing the graphite dimension and constructing defects on the graphite structure, increasing the active sites of lithium ions, providing more lithium ion diffusion channels, alleviating the cycle process, and significantly improving the lithium storage performance of graphite. Furthremore, the future development trend of graphite anode materials is promising. For example, optimize and explore the preparation process of 3D graphene and graphite composite, and master the influence rules and mechanisms of 3D graphene morphology and size on the electrochemical performance of anode materials. In addition, although element doping can significantly improve the energy density of anode materials, there is currently a lack of uniform, stable and efficient doping processes and methods. In comparison, it is feasible to build up intrinsic defects to improve energy density. Moreover, the research on making defects by high-energy beams, like electron beam irradiation should be increased. Due to its unique energy characteristics, accurate, efficient, multi-scale and multi-directional defect construction can be carried out on graphite. Combining with theory and practice, this paper selectively carries out research on new graphitized carbon composite materials, such as the production technology of highly stable graphitized carbon/Si, graphitized carbon/Sn and other composite materials. |
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