李雪寒,李家乐,秦真波,吴忠,胡文彬.耐空蚀涂层及其研究进展[J].表面技术,2022,51(1):1-15, 42.
LI Xue-han,LI Jia-le,QIN Zhen-bo,WU Zhong,HU Wen-bin.Research Progress of Cavitation Corrosion Resistant Coatings[J].Surface Technology,2022,51(1):1-15, 42 |
| 耐空蚀涂层及其研究进展 |
| Research Progress of Cavitation Corrosion Resistant Coatings |
| 投稿时间：2021-12-02 修订日期：2022-01-13 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2022.01.001 |
| 中文关键词: 空泡腐蚀 涂层 高硬度涂层 表面改性层 高弹性涂层 |
| 英文关键词:cavitation corrosion coatings high hardness coating surface modification layer high elasticity coating |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(52031007，52001226，51971155) |
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| Author | Institution |
| LI Xue-han | Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China |
| LI Jia-le | Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China |
| QIN Zhen-bo | Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China |
| WU Zhong | Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China |
| HU Wen-bin | Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 螺旋桨、水轮机和水泵等过流部件在高速运转过程中会因空泡腐蚀而损坏，严重时会造成部件提前失效，引发安全事故。所谓空泡腐蚀，是指过流部件附近液体因局部压力下降而引起气泡的形核与长大，当气泡流向高压区时发生溃灭，所产生微射流与冲击波对部件表面造成损伤。目前，在表面制备防护性涂层是部件抵御空蚀损伤较为经济且行之有效的方法。总结了多种国内外用于空蚀防护的涂层材料，并根据抗空蚀原理将其分为两种，一是为通过自身较高的硬度来抵御空泡冲击的高硬度涂层，如大多数的金属、陶瓷材料以及基体的直接硬化改性处理。其中金属涂层及表面硬化改性处理会在抗空蚀领域广泛应用，但仍需要解决腐蚀对空蚀的加剧作用;至于金属陶瓷涂层，热喷涂工艺下的颗粒难以完全熔化，制备的涂层呈现较高的孔隙率，且由于陶瓷颗粒与金属非冶金结合，因此在空蚀的作用下容易剥落。改善金属陶瓷涂层的硬度与韧性，增强涂层与基体间的结合力，降低涂层的孔隙率是未来的研究方向。另外一种是具有良好韧塑性的高弹性涂层，通过吸收空蚀冲击波与微射流的机械冲击能量来延长空蚀孕育期，降低空蚀破坏，如形状记忆合金和聚合物有机涂层。其中有机涂层极大地降低了腐蚀的作用，是未来抗空蚀涂层的研究热点。然而，有机涂层的耐磨蚀性能较差，与金属基体的结合力也较低，在空泡机械力的频繁击打下容易脱落，成为限制该涂层应用的一大障碍。同时，结合作者近年来在空蚀表面防护领域所做的工作，文章对每种耐空蚀涂层的特点、性能、应用现状及损伤机制进行了举例说明，分析了各自的优缺点。最后，展望了耐空蚀涂层的发展趋势，指出高强韧的金属涂层依旧是现阶段实际工程中空蚀防护的主要涂层，高弹性的有机涂层是涂层的研发方向，但需解决与工件表面结合力低的问题。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In the process of high-speed rotation, propeller, water turbine and pumps are damaged by cavitation corrosion, which will lead to premature failure and result in safety accidents. Cavitation corrosion refers to the destruction of workpiece surface caused by bubble collapse. When the local pressure of the liquid drops, it will cause the nucleation and growth of bubbles. As the bubble flows to the high-pressure region, it collapses and produces micro-jet and shock wave, resulting in the deformation and mass loss of the adjacent workpiece consequently. At present, it is an economical and effective method to reduce cavitation damage by preparing anti-cavitation coatings on the surface of flowing parts. This paper summarized a variety of coating materials used for cavitation protection, which was divided into two kinds according to the principle of cavitation resistance:one is the high hardness coating, which resists cavitation impact with high mechanical strength, such as most of the metal materials, ceramic materials and surface hardening treatment. In this field，metal materials coating and surface hardening treatment are widely used in cavitation resistance, but the aggravation of cavitation by corrosion of metal still needs to be solved. As for cermet coating, particles under thermal spraying process are difficult to melt completely, resulting in a high porosity of the coating, and the ceramic particles are easy to peel off under cavitation erosion, due to the poor binding force. Improving the hardness and toughness of cermet coating and enhancing the bonding force between the coating and substrate, as well as reducing the porosity of coatings, is the research focus and direction in the future. The other is the high elasticity coating with good toughness and plasticity, which can prolong the incubation period of cavitation and absorb shock wave and microjet. Furthermore, cavitation damage can be reduced. Such coatings include shape memory alloy and polymer organic materials coatings. Among them, organic coating is the development trend of anti-cavitation coating in the future, because it can reduce the effect of corrosion significantly. However, the organic coating has poor abrasion resistance and low binding force with metal matrix. It is easy to fall off under the frequent impact of periodic alternating cavitation mechanical force, which has become a major obstacle to the application of this coating. Therefore, the research and development of organic coating is mainly to improve the binding force with the matrix on the basis at the present In this paper, the characteristics, performance, application status and damage mechanism of each corrosion resistant coating in recent years were illustrated, and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed in detail Finally, the development trend of corrosion resistant coating was prospected. It is pointed out that the metal coating with high strength and toughness is still the main method for cavitation corrosion protection in practical engineering at present. And the organic coating with high elasticity is the direction of coating research and development in the future. In addition, how to improve the binding force between organic coating and substrate should be considered. |
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