孙文强,张德强,贾云杰,陈翔,李伦翔.激光熔覆WC/Ni粉末对冷作模具刃口修复的实验研究[J].表面技术,2020,49(9):315-323.
SUN Wen-qiang,ZHANG De-qiang,JIA Yun-jie,CHEN Xiang,LI Lun-xiang.Experimental Study on Laser Cladding WC/Ni Powder to Repair the Cutting Edge of Cold Working Die[J].Surface Technology,2020,49(9):315-323 |
| 激光熔覆WC/Ni粉末对冷作模具刃口修复的实验研究 |
| Experimental Study on Laser Cladding WC/Ni Powder to Repair the Cutting Edge of Cold Working Die |
| 投稿时间：2019-12-07 修订日期：2020-09-20 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2020.09.036 |
| 中文关键词: 激光熔覆 WC/Ni粉末 倾斜熔覆 显微硬度 寿命预测 |
| 英文关键词:laser cladding WC/Ni powders inclined surface cladding microhardness life prediction |
| 基金项目:辽宁省自然科学基金优秀人才培育项目（2015020170）；辽宁教育厅项目（L2015231） |
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| Author | Institution |
| SUN Wen-qiang | 1.a.Engineering Training Center, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China |
| ZHANG De-qiang | 1.b.School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China |
| JIA Yun-jie | 2.School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China |
| CHEN Xiang | 1.a.Engineering Training Center, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China |
| LI Lun-xiang | 1.b.School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 为实现冷冲模具凸模刃口的修复，研究了基体表面的倾斜角度对激光熔覆制备熔覆层质量的影响，寻找能够用于修复冲头刃口的最佳工艺方法，通过冲裁加工的数值模拟分析与实际冲裁，验证激光熔覆技术修复冷冲模具刃口的可行性。方法 在不同倾斜角度的Cr12MoV基材表面上，分别采用垂直于地面和垂直于基体表面两种熔覆方法制备WC/Ni熔覆层，通过熔覆层的截面形貌、结合质量变化以及硬度的分析，选取最佳的修复工艺。利用X 射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱仪（EDS），对比分析了基材表面倾斜角度变化对熔覆层截面组织形貌与物相组成的影响。根据熔覆层的平均硬度检测值以及被加工板料实测数据建立有限元仿真模型，利用磨损累计法对其求解，得出符合预期的使用寿命后，将修复冲头参与实际冲裁加工，验证激光修复冷冲模具的可行性以及有限元仿真模型的可靠性。结果 选择激光功率为1.2 kW，扫描速度为2 mm/s，送粉电压为8 V，离焦量（基体与熔覆头的直线距离）为12 mm，当基体的被熔覆表面相对于地面的倾斜角度不超过50°且与激光束形成的夹角不超过35°时，制备出的熔覆层质量较高。基体表面倾斜时，熔覆层的峰值点始终位于熔覆层中心区域，熔池最大深度值会向靠近激光头的一侧移动。采用垂直于地面和垂直于基体表面两种熔覆方式，在不同倾角的基材表面上制备得到熔覆层，其均由γ-Ni（Fe）、Fe6W6C、Fe2B、WC、W2C、Cr7C3、W2B等硬质相和复杂的间隙化合物组成，基材表面倾斜角度的变化只对熔覆层组织结构的细化程度以及各元素的质量分数产生影响。结论 使用激光熔覆技术搭配合适的修复工艺，不仅可以有效地修复磨损失效后的冷冲模具，还能起到局部改性的作用，熔覆过程中生成的碳化物等硬质相对修复区域硬度的提高起到了主要作用。修复后的冲头的平均使用寿命为5283次/支，与有限元寿命预测的仿真结果5600次/支基本吻合，进一步验证了有限元仿真模型的准确性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to study the influence of substrate surface inclination angle on the quality of cladding layer prepared by laser cladding to repair the edge of punch of cold punching die and find out the best process method for repairing the edge of punch and then verify the feasibility of laser cladding technology to repair cold punching die by numerical simulation analysis and practical processing of blanking process. WC/Ni cladding layers were prepared on Cr12MoV substrate surface with different inclination angles by two cladding methods, respectively perpendicular to the ground and the substrate surface. Through the analysis on section morphology, change of bonding quality and hardness of the cladding layer, the best repairing process was selected. The influence of the change of the substrate surface inclination angle on the microstructure and phase composition of the cladding layer was analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. According to the average hardness of the cladding layer and the measured data of the processed plate, the numerical analysis model was established. The wear accumulation method was used to solve the numerical model, and it was concluded that the repairing punch was used in the actual blanking process after meeting the expected service life, which verified the feasibility of laser repairing the cold working die and the reliability of the numerical analysis model. The cladding parameters were laser power of 1.2 kW, scanning speed of 2 mm/s, powder feeding voltage of 8 V and defocusing amount of 12 mm. When the inclination angle of the substrate surface to the ground was not more than 50° and the included angle with the laser beam was not more than 35°, the quality of the cladding layer was high. When the substrate surface was inclined, the peak value of the cladding layer was always in the center of the cladding layer, and the maximum depth of the molten pool moved to the side near the laser head. Two laser cladding methods were used, respectively perpendicular to the ground and the substrate surface. The cladding layer was made up of γ-Ni(Fe), Fe6W6C, Fe2B, WC, W2C, Cr7C3, W2B and other hard phases and complex gap compounds. The change of the inclination angle of the substrate only affected the refinement of the structure and the mass fraction distribution of the elements. Using laser cladding technology and appropriate repair technology can not only effectively repair the cold working die due to wear failure, but also play a role in local modification. The carbide and other hard phases formed in the cladding process play an important role in improving the hardness of the repaired area. The average service life of the repaired punch is 5283 times/piece, which is basically consistent with the simulation results of the finite element life prediction of 5600 times/piece, further verifying the accuracy of the numerical analysis model. |
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