吉绍山,刘凡,傅戈雁,石世宏.三光束光内同轴送丝激光熔覆成形新方法研究[J].表面技术,2019,48(4):285-293.
JI Shao-shan,LIU Fan,FU Ge-yan,SHI Shi-hong.New Forming Method of Coaxial Wire Feeding inside Three Beams Laser Cladding[J].Surface Technology,2019,48(4):285-293 |
| 三光束光内同轴送丝激光熔覆成形新方法研究 |
| New Forming Method of Coaxial Wire Feeding inside Three Beams Laser Cladding |
| 投稿时间：2018-08-26 修订日期：2019-04-20 |
| DOI：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2019.04.040 |
| 中文关键词: 激光熔覆 三光束 光内送丝 光线追迹 光斑光能 成形测试 |
| 英文关键词:laser cladding three beams wire feeding inside beams light tracing spot energy deposition test |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题（2016YFB1100304）；国家自然科学基金青年项目（51701134）；国家自然科学基金（61475107） |
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| Author | Institution |
| JI Shao-shan | School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China |
| LIU Fan | School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China |
| FU Ge-yan | School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China |
| SHI Shi-hong | School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 研究“三光束光内同轴送丝”激光熔覆新方法以及单向、多向单道熔覆成形效果。方法 采用光线追迹法分析了三光束光斑几何特性，运用TracePro分析了光斑能量分布。利用研制的三光束光内送丝装置进行了单向以及多向单道熔覆实验，对其展开成形表面质量以及单道熔覆层的组织和硬度分析。 结果 “三光束光内同轴送丝”激光熔覆新方法可以将原始圆形激光束整形为周向均匀分布的三个扇形光斑，三个光斑光通量均沿着z轴方向呈“尖顶状”分布，丝材能够被三个光斑均匀包裹。基材和丝材采用不锈钢304材料，丝材线径为0.8 mm，负离焦量为2.5 mm，激光功率为1500 W，扫描速度为3.5 mm/s，送丝速度为20.5 mm/s，展开单向和多向单道熔覆成形测试，丝材熔化充分，熔覆层表面均匀平滑。熔覆层形貌和质量基本不受扫描方向的影响。单道熔覆层和基体结合良好，组织整体比较细密，无气孔和裂纹等缺陷，熔覆层底部到顶部晶粒形态主要为树枝晶、柱状晶、胞状晶和树枝晶，熔覆层组织为铁素体δ和奥氏体γ，凝固模式为FA模式，熔覆层底部到顶部铁素体δ的主要形态为板条状铁素体、蠕虫状铁素体、骨架状铁素体和板条状铁素体。熔覆层的平均硬度（228HV）明显高于基材硬度，熔覆层底部到顶部的硬度过渡平稳，不存在明显软化区，组织整体比较细小致密，晶粒分布均匀。结论 “三光束光内同轴送丝”激光熔覆新方法可以实现光、丝耦合，基材和丝材采用不锈钢304材料，选择合理的工艺参数，可以获得理想的单向以及多向单道熔覆成形效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to study new laser cladding forming method of "coaxial wire feeding inside three beams of light" and unidirectional and multi-direction single-pass cladding forming effect. The light tracing method was used to analyze the geometrical characteristics of the spot and the energy distribution of the spot was analyzed by TracePro. The experiments of uni-directional and multi-direction single-pass cladding were carried out by device of wire feeding inside three beams to analyze the surface quality and microstructure and hardness of single pass cladding layer. The new method of "three beams coaxial wire feeding" laser cladding could shape the original circular laser beam into three fan-shaped faculae with uniform circumferential distribution. The flux of the three faculae distributed in a "cusp" shape along the z-axis direction. The wire could be evenly wrapped by three faculae. The substrate and wire were made of stainless steel 304, wire diameter was 0.8 mm, and the process parameters were as follows: negative defocus 2.5 mm, laser power 1500 W, scanning speed 3.5 mm/s, wire feeding speed 20.5 mm/s, to make unidirectional and multi-directional single-pass cladding forming test. The wire was fully melted and the cladding layer was even and smooth. The morphology and quality of the cladding layer were not affected by the scanning direction, the cladding layer and substrate were well bonded, the whole microstructure was fine, and there were no defects such as porosity and crack. The grain morphology from the bottom to the top of the cladding layer was mainly dendrite, columnar crystal, cellular crystal and dendrite. The microstructure of the cladding layer was ferrite δ and austenite γ, and the solidification mode was FA model. The main forms of ferrite δ from the bottom to the top of the cladding layer were lamellar ferrite, vermicular ferrite, skeleton ferrite and lamellar ferrite. The average hardness 228HV of the cladding layer was obviously higher than that of the substrate. The hardness transition from the bottom to the top of the cladding layer was stable, there was no obvious softening zone, the whole microstructure was fine and compact, and the grain distribution was uniform. New method of "coaxial wire feeding inside three beams of light" laser cladding can achieve accurate coupling of light and wire and substrate and wire are made of stainless steel 304, and select reasonable process parameters to obtain unidirectional and multi-direction single-pass cladding forming effects. |
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